From 8215492eea0fabb9966240c7f9040d4b05e6bde0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: pricelees <priceelees@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 6 Oct 2025 02:42:13 +0000
Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?[#54]=20=EC=95=A0=ED=94=8C=EB=A6=AC=EC=BC=80?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=EC=9D=B4=EC=85=98=20=EB=B0=B0=ED=8F=AC=20(#55)?=
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<!-- 제목 양식 -->
<!-- [이슈번호] 작업 요약 (예시: [#10] Gitea 템플릿 생성) -->

## 📝 관련 이슈 및 PR

**PR과 관련된 이슈 번호**
- #54

## ✨ 작업 내용
<!-- 어떤 작업을 했는지 알려주세요! -->
- 애플리케이션 배포
- 1차 배포에서 각 Service의 Trace가 구분이 되지 않아 XxxService 클래스에 \@Observation을 적용하는 AOP 추가
- 불필요하게 느껴지는 Prometheus Actuator 요청과 스케쥴링 작업 Tracing 제외
- 애플리케이션이 UTC로 배포됨에 따라 발생하는 문제 해결을 위해 LocalDateTime, OffsetDateTime -> Instant 타입 변경 및 LocalDate, LocalTime은 KST로 비교하도록 수정
- 기존 로그의 가독성이 좋지 않아, 로그 메시지가 가장 먼저 보이도록 형식 수정

## 🧪 테스트
<!-- 어떤 테스트를 생각했고 진행했는지 알려주세요! -->
- 실제 웹에 접속하여 전체적인 기능 점검
- 예약 처리 로직에서 미숙한 부분이 발견되어 다음 작업은 예약 처리 로직 개선 예정

## 📚 참고 자료 및 기타
<!-- 참고한 자료, 또는 논의할 사항이 있다면 알려주세요! -->

Reviewed-on: https://gitea.pricelees.me/pricelees/roomescape-refactored/pulls/55
Co-authored-by: pricelees <priceelees@gmail.com>
Co-committed-by: pricelees <priceelees@gmail.com>
---
 Dockerfile                                    |  25 ++-
 .../log/AbstractLogMaskingConverterTest.kt    |   6 +-
 .../common/persistence/AuditingBaseEntity.kt  |   6 +-
 .../persistence/TestAuditingBaseEntity.kt     |   4 +-
 .../persistence/TestPersistableBaseEntity.kt  |   4 +-
 .../TransactionExecutionUtilTest.kt           |   6 +-
 .../common/utils/KoreaDateTimeExtensions.kt   |  21 +++
 .../utils/KoreaDateTimeExtensionsTest.kt      |  45 +++++
 .../web/asepct/ServiceObservationAspect.kt    |  26 +++
 .../common/web/config/JacksonConfig.kt        |  46 +----
 .../common/web/config/ObservationConfig.kt    |  41 ++++
 .../web/support/log/WebLogMessageConverter.kt |   5 +-
 .../common/web/config/JacksonConfigTest.kt    |  39 +---
 .../web/support/log/LogPayloadBuilderTest.kt  |   2 +-
 .../support/log/WebLogMessageConverterTest.kt |  12 +-
 docker/docker-compose.yaml                    |   2 +-
 frontend/.dockerignore                        |  18 +-
 frontend/Dockerfile                           |  15 +-
 frontend/src/components/AdminRoute.tsx        |  28 ---
 .../src/pages/admin/AdminSchedulePage.tsx     |  11 +-
 frontend/src/pages/admin/AdminStorePage.tsx   |  19 +-
 .../src/pages/admin/AdminThemeEditPage.tsx    |   7 +-
 frontend/tsconfig.app.json                    |   1 -
 .../roomescape/RoomescapeApplication.kt       |   4 +
 .../roomescape/admin/business/AdminService.kt |  14 +-
 .../roomescape/auth/business/AuthService.kt   |  10 +-
 .../auth/business/LoginHistoryService.kt      |   6 +-
 .../sangdol/roomescape/auth/docs/AuthAPI.kt   |   2 +-
 .../auth/exception/AuthErrorCode.kt           |   2 +-
 .../auth/infrastructure/jwt/JwtUtils.kt       |   4 +-
 .../persistence/LoginHistoryEntity.kt         |   4 +-
 .../sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/AuthDTO.kt    |   1 -
 .../support/interceptors/AdminInterceptor.kt  |  21 ++-
 .../support/interceptors/UserInterceptor.kt   |  19 +-
 .../support/resolver/UserContextResolver.kt   |  12 +-
 .../config/RoomescapeLogMaskingConverter.kt   |   4 +-
 .../common/config/SlowQueryLoggerConfig.kt    |   3 -
 .../roomescape/common/config/SwaggerConfig.kt |   1 -
 .../roomescape/common/config/TraceConfig.kt   |  20 ++
 .../roomescape/common/config/WebMvcConfig.kt  |   6 +-
 .../roomescape/common/types/AuditingInfo.kt   |   6 +-
 .../payment/business/PaymentService.kt        |  38 ++--
 .../payment/business/PaymentWriter.kt         |   4 +-
 .../payment/exception/PaymentErrorCode.kt     |   2 +-
 .../infrastructure/client/TosspayCancelDTO.kt |   6 +-
 .../client/TosspayConfirmDTO.kt               |   4 +-
 .../infrastructure/common/PaymentTypes.kt     |   4 +-
 .../persistence/CanceledPaymentEntity.kt      |   7 +-
 .../persistence/PaymentEntity.kt              |   6 +-
 .../roomescape/payment/web/PaymentDTO.kt      |  13 +-
 .../region/business/RegionService.kt          |  32 ++--
 .../region/exception/RegionException.kt       |   2 +-
 .../business/ReservationService.kt            |  32 ++--
 .../business/ReservationValidator.kt          |   6 +-
 .../IncompletedReservationScheduler.kt        |   6 +-
 .../reservation/docs/ReservationAPI.kt        |   2 +-
 .../exception/ReservationErrorCode.kt         |   2 +-
 .../persistence/CanceledReservationEntity.kt  |   4 +-
 .../persistence/ReservationRepository.kt      |  10 +-
 .../reservation/web/ReservationController.kt  |   2 +-
 .../reservation/web/ReservationDto.kt         |   6 +-
 .../schedule/business/ScheduleService.kt      |  62 +++---
 .../schedule/business/ScheduleValidator.kt    |   7 +-
 .../roomescape/schedule/docs/ScheduleAPI.kt   |   2 +-
 .../schedule/exception/ScheduleErrorCode.kt   |   2 +-
 .../persistence/ScheduleEntity.kt             |   4 +-
 .../persistence/ScheduleRepository.kt         |  19 +-
 .../schedule/web/AdminScheduleController.kt   |   2 +-
 .../roomescape/store/business/StoreService.kt |  36 ++--
 .../store/business/StoreValidator.kt          |   6 +-
 .../store/exception/StoreException.kt         |   2 +-
 .../roomescape/theme/business/ThemeService.kt |  46 ++---
 .../theme/business/ThemeValidator.kt          |   6 +-
 .../theme/exception/ThemeErrorCode.kt         |   2 +-
 .../persistence/ThemeRepository.kt            |   2 +-
 .../roomescape/user/business/UserService.kt   |  24 +--
 .../roomescape/user/business/UserValidator.kt |   6 +-
 .../user/exception/UserException.kt           |   2 +-
 .../persistence/UserEntities.kt               |   2 +-
 .../sangdol/roomescape/user/web/UserDTO.kt    |   4 +-
 .../src/main/resources/application-local.yaml |  14 +-
 service/src/main/resources/application.yaml   |   4 +-
 service/src/main/resources/logback-deploy.xml |  28 +--
 .../sangdol/data/DefaultDataInitializer.kt    | 177 +++++++++---------
 .../com/sangdol/data/PopulationDataParser.kt  |  18 +-
 .../sangdol/roomescape/auth/AuthApiTest.kt    |  14 +-
 .../auth/FailOnSaveLoginHistoryTest.kt        |   4 +-
 .../roomescape/payment/PaymentAPITest.kt      |   8 +-
 .../roomescape/payment/PaymentTypeTest.kt     |   9 +-
 .../payment/SampleTosspayConstant.kt          |  22 +--
 .../roomescape/payment/TosspayClientTest.kt   |  14 +-
 .../roomescape/region/RegionApiFailTest.kt    |   6 +-
 .../roomescape/region/RegionApiSuccessTest.kt |   4 +-
 .../IncompletedReservationSchedulerTest.kt    |  10 +-
 .../reservation/ReservationApiTest.kt         |  17 +-
 .../reservation/ReservationConcurrencyTest.kt |   4 +-
 .../schedule/AdminScheduleApiTest.kt          |  89 ++++++---
 .../roomescape/schedule/ScheduleApiTest.kt    |  28 ++-
 .../schedule/ScheduleConcurrencyTest.kt       |   2 -
 .../roomescape/store/AdminStoreApiTest.kt     |  10 +-
 .../sangdol/roomescape/store/StoreApiTest.kt  |   6 +-
 .../roomescape/supports/DummyInitializer.kt   |   4 +-
 .../sangdol/roomescape/supports/Fixtures.kt   |   8 +-
 .../roomescape/supports/KotestConfig.kt       |  22 ++-
 .../roomescape/supports/RestAssuredUtils.kt   |   2 +-
 .../roomescape/supports/TestAuthUtil.kt       |  14 +-
 .../roomescape/supports/TestDatabaseUtil.kt   |   5 +-
 .../sangdol/roomescape/supports/TestUtil.kt   |   4 +-
 .../roomescape/theme/AdminThemeApiTest.kt     |  10 +-
 .../sangdol/roomescape/theme/DateUtilsTest.kt |   2 +-
 .../sangdol/roomescape/theme/ThemeApiTest.kt  |   9 +-
 .../sangdol/roomescape/user/UserApiTest.kt    |  26 +--
 .../src/test/resources/application-test.yaml  |   9 +-
 .../tosspaymock/business/TosspayService.kt    |  10 +-
 .../tosspaymock/business/domain/Payment.kt    |   8 +-
 .../business/domain/cancel/Cancellation.kt    |   3 +-
 .../tosspaymock/business/domain/card/Card.kt  |   1 -
 .../exception/code/TosspayCancelErrorCode.kt  |  18 +-
 .../exception/code/TosspayConfirmErrorCode.kt |  24 ++-
 .../tosspaymock/web/dto/TosspayRequest.kt     |   3 +-
 .../tosspaymock/web/dto/TosspayResponse.kt    |   5 -
 .../src/main/resources/logback-deploy.xml     |   3 +-
 .../src/main/resources/schema/schema-h2.sql   |  30 ++-
 .../parser/origin/TosspayErrorCodeParser.kt   |   5 +-
 124 files changed, 938 insertions(+), 727 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 common/utils/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/utils/KoreaDateTimeExtensions.kt
 create mode 100644 common/utils/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/utils/KoreaDateTimeExtensionsTest.kt
 create mode 100644 common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/asepct/ServiceObservationAspect.kt
 create mode 100644 common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/config/ObservationConfig.kt
 delete mode 100644 frontend/src/components/AdminRoute.tsx
 create mode 100644 service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/TraceConfig.kt

diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 87d42727..3e9dc9dc 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -1,10 +1,29 @@
-FROM gradle:8-jdk17 AS builder
+FROM gradle:8-jdk17 AS dependencies
 WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY gradlew settings.gradle build.gradle.kts /app/
+COPY gradle /app/gradle
+COPY service/build.gradle.kts /app/service/
+COPY tosspay-mock/build.gradle.kts /app/tosspay-mock/
+COPY common/log/build.gradle.kts /app/common/log/
+COPY common/persistence/build.gradle.kts /app/common/persistence/
+COPY common/types/build.gradle.kts /app/common/types/
+COPY common/utils/build.gradle.kts /app/common/utils/
+COPY common/web/build.gradle.kts /app/common/web/
+
+RUN ./gradlew dependencies --no-daemon
+
+FROM dependencies AS builder
+WORKDIR /app
+
 COPY . .
-RUN ./gradlew bootjar --no-daemon
+
+RUN ./gradlew :service:bootjar --no-daemon
 
 FROM amazoncorretto:17
 WORKDIR /app
 EXPOSE 8080
-COPY --from=builder /app/build/libs/*.jar app.jar
+
+COPY --from=builder /app/service/build/libs/*.jar app.jar
+
 ENTRYPOINT ["java", "-jar", "app.jar"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/common/log/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/log/AbstractLogMaskingConverterTest.kt b/common/log/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/log/AbstractLogMaskingConverterTest.kt
index eeb74b46..a9cb953c 100644
--- a/common/log/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/log/AbstractLogMaskingConverterTest.kt
+++ b/common/log/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/log/AbstractLogMaskingConverterTest.kt
@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import io.kotest.assertions.assertSoftly
 import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
 import io.kotest.matchers.equals.shouldBeEqual
 import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
-import io.kotest.matchers.string.shouldContain
 import io.mockk.every
 import io.mockk.mockk
 
@@ -48,7 +47,10 @@ class AbstractLogMaskingConverterTest : FunSpec({
                     event.formattedMessage
                 } returns json.format(account, address)
 
-                converter.convert(event) shouldBeEqual json.format("${account.first()}${converter.mask}${account.last()}", "${address.first()}${converter.mask}${address.last()}")
+                converter.convert(event) shouldBeEqual json.format(
+                    "${account.first()}${converter.mask}${account.last()}",
+                    "${address.first()}${converter.mask}${address.last()}"
+                )
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/common/persistence/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/AuditingBaseEntity.kt b/common/persistence/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/AuditingBaseEntity.kt
index a9fca2c7..82b2d41f 100644
--- a/common/persistence/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/AuditingBaseEntity.kt
+++ b/common/persistence/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/AuditingBaseEntity.kt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import org.springframework.data.annotation.CreatedDate
 import org.springframework.data.annotation.LastModifiedBy
 import org.springframework.data.annotation.LastModifiedDate
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.support.AuditingEntityListener
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 
 @MappedSuperclass
 @EntityListeners(AuditingEntityListener::class)
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ abstract class AuditingBaseEntity(
 ) : PersistableBaseEntity(id) {
     @Column(updatable = false)
     @CreatedDate
-    lateinit var createdAt: LocalDateTime
+    lateinit var createdAt: Instant
 
     @Column(updatable = false)
     @CreatedBy
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ abstract class AuditingBaseEntity(
 
     @Column
     @LastModifiedDate
-    lateinit var updatedAt: LocalDateTime
+    lateinit var updatedAt: Instant
 
     @Column
     @LastModifiedBy
diff --git a/common/persistence/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/TestAuditingBaseEntity.kt b/common/persistence/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/TestAuditingBaseEntity.kt
index f58ecf77..b687de9e 100644
--- a/common/persistence/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/TestAuditingBaseEntity.kt
+++ b/common/persistence/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/TestAuditingBaseEntity.kt
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository
 class TestAuditingBaseEntity(
     id: Long,
     val name: String
-): AuditingBaseEntity(id)
+) : AuditingBaseEntity(id)
 
-interface TestAuditingBaseEntityRepository: JpaRepository<TestAuditingBaseEntity, Long>
\ No newline at end of file
+interface TestAuditingBaseEntityRepository : JpaRepository<TestAuditingBaseEntity, Long>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/common/persistence/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/TestPersistableBaseEntity.kt b/common/persistence/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/TestPersistableBaseEntity.kt
index ac97c1c2..5a29c4ea 100644
--- a/common/persistence/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/TestPersistableBaseEntity.kt
+++ b/common/persistence/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/TestPersistableBaseEntity.kt
@@ -7,6 +7,6 @@ import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository
 class TestPersistableBaseEntity(
     id: Long,
     val name: String
-): PersistableBaseEntity(id)
+) : PersistableBaseEntity(id)
 
-interface TestPersistableBaseEntityRepository: JpaRepository<TestPersistableBaseEntity, Long>
\ No newline at end of file
+interface TestPersistableBaseEntityRepository : JpaRepository<TestPersistableBaseEntity, Long>
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/common/persistence/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/TransactionExecutionUtilTest.kt b/common/persistence/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/TransactionExecutionUtilTest.kt
index 64f4faa6..35516c3a 100644
--- a/common/persistence/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/TransactionExecutionUtilTest.kt
+++ b/common/persistence/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/persistence/TransactionExecutionUtilTest.kt
@@ -5,11 +5,7 @@ import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
 import io.kotest.matchers.equality.shouldBeEqualUsingFields
 import io.kotest.matchers.nulls.shouldNotBeNull
 import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
-import io.mockk.clearMocks
-import io.mockk.every
-import io.mockk.mockk
-import io.mockk.slot
-import io.mockk.verify
+import io.mockk.*
 import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertThrows
 import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager
 import org.springframework.transaction.TransactionDefinition
diff --git a/common/utils/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/utils/KoreaDateTimeExtensions.kt b/common/utils/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/utils/KoreaDateTimeExtensions.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b993081b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/utils/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/utils/KoreaDateTimeExtensions.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package com.sangdol.common.utils
+
+import java.time.*
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit
+
+private val KST_CLOCK = Clock.system(ZoneId.of("Asia/Seoul"))
+
+object KoreaDate {
+    fun today(): LocalDate = LocalDate.now(KST_CLOCK)
+}
+
+object KoreaTime {
+    fun now(): LocalTime = LocalTime.now(KST_CLOCK).truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.MINUTES)
+}
+
+object KoreaDateTime {
+    fun now(): LocalDateTime = LocalDateTime.now(KST_CLOCK)
+    fun nowWithOffset(): OffsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(KST_CLOCK)
+}
+
+fun Instant.toKoreaDateTime(): LocalDateTime = this.atZone(KST_CLOCK.zone).toLocalDateTime()
diff --git a/common/utils/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/utils/KoreaDateTimeExtensionsTest.kt b/common/utils/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/utils/KoreaDateTimeExtensionsTest.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..321d1650
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/utils/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/utils/KoreaDateTimeExtensionsTest.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package com.sangdol.common.utils
+
+import io.kotest.assertions.assertSoftly
+import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import java.time.*
+
+class KoreaDateTimeExtensionsTest : FunSpec({
+
+    test("한국 시간 기준으로 현재 시간을 가져오며, 초 단위는 제외한다.") {
+        assertSoftly(KoreaTime.now()) {
+            val utcNow = LocalTime.now(ZoneId.of("UTC"))
+
+            this.hour shouldBe utcNow.hour.plus(9)
+            this.minute shouldBe utcNow.minute
+            this.second shouldBe 0
+            this.nano shouldBe 0
+        }
+    }
+
+    test("한국 시간 기준으로 현재 날짜 + 시간을 LocalDateTime 타입으로 가져온다.") {
+        assertSoftly(KoreaDateTime.now()) {
+            val utcNow = LocalDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("UTC"))
+
+            this.withSecond(0).withNano(0) shouldBe utcNow.plusHours(9).withSecond(0).withNano(0)
+        }
+    }
+
+    test("한국 시간 기준으로 현재 날짜 + 시간을 OffsetDateTime 타입으로 가져온다.") {
+        assertSoftly(KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset()) {
+            val utcNow = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("UTC"))
+
+            this.toLocalDateTime().withSecond(0).withNano(0) shouldBe utcNow.toLocalDateTime().plusHours(9)
+                .withSecond(0).withNano(0)
+        }
+    }
+
+    test("UTC 시간을 LocalDateTime 타입의 한국 시간으로 변환한다.") {
+        val now = Instant.now()
+        val kstConverted = now.toKoreaDateTime()
+        val utc = now.atZone(ZoneId.of("UTC")).toLocalDateTime()
+
+        kstConverted.withSecond(0).withNano(0) shouldBe utc.plusHours(9).withSecond(0).withNano(0)
+    }
+})
diff --git a/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/asepct/ServiceObservationAspect.kt b/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/asepct/ServiceObservationAspect.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..c41f730c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/asepct/ServiceObservationAspect.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+package com.sangdol.common.web.asepct
+
+import io.micrometer.observation.Observation
+import io.micrometer.observation.ObservationRegistry
+import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint
+import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around
+import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect
+import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut
+
+@Aspect
+class ServiceObservationAspect(
+    private val observationRegistry: ObservationRegistry
+) {
+
+    @Pointcut("execution(* com.sangdol..business..*Service*.*(..))")
+    fun allServices() {
+    }
+
+    @Around("allServices()")
+    fun runWithObserve(joinPoint: ProceedingJoinPoint): Any? {
+        val methodName: String = joinPoint.signature.toShortString()
+
+        return Observation.createNotStarted(methodName, observationRegistry)
+            .observe<Any?> { joinPoint.proceed() }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/config/JacksonConfig.kt b/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/config/JacksonConfig.kt
index fb6eb907..a8843014 100644
--- a/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/config/JacksonConfig.kt
+++ b/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/config/JacksonConfig.kt
@@ -1,11 +1,8 @@
 package com.sangdol.common.web.config
 
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonGenerator
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.DeserializationFeature
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonSerializer
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializerProvider
-import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.module.SimpleModule
+import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.SerializationFeature
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.JavaTimeModule
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalDateDeserializer
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.datatype.jsr310.deser.LocalTimeDeserializer
@@ -15,19 +12,13 @@ import com.fasterxml.jackson.module.kotlin.kotlinModule
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
 import java.time.LocalDate
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.time.LocalTime
-import java.time.OffsetDateTime
-import java.time.ZoneId
 import java.time.format.DateTimeFormatter
 
 @Configuration
 class JacksonConfig {
 
     companion object {
-        private val ISO_OFFSET_DATE_TIME_FORMATTER: DateTimeFormatter =
-            DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssXXX")
-
         private val LOCAL_TIME_FORMATTER: DateTimeFormatter =
             DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("HH:mm")
     }
@@ -35,9 +26,9 @@ class JacksonConfig {
     @Bean
     fun objectMapper(): ObjectMapper = ObjectMapper()
         .registerModule(javaTimeModule())
-        .registerModule(dateTimeModule())
         .registerModule(kotlinModule())
         .configure(DeserializationFeature.FAIL_ON_UNKNOWN_PROPERTIES, false)
+        .configure(SerializationFeature.WRITE_DATES_AS_TIMESTAMPS, false)
 
     private fun javaTimeModule(): JavaTimeModule = JavaTimeModule()
         .addSerializer(
@@ -56,35 +47,4 @@ class JacksonConfig {
             LocalTime::class.java,
             LocalTimeDeserializer(LOCAL_TIME_FORMATTER)
         ) as JavaTimeModule
-
-    private fun dateTimeModule(): SimpleModule {
-        val simpleModule = SimpleModule()
-        simpleModule.addSerializer(LocalDateTime::class.java, LocalDateTimeSerializer())
-        simpleModule.addSerializer(OffsetDateTime::class.java, OffsetDateTimeSerializer())
-        return simpleModule
-    }
-
-    class LocalDateTimeSerializer : JsonSerializer<LocalDateTime>() {
-        override fun serialize(
-            value: LocalDateTime,
-            gen: JsonGenerator,
-            serializers: SerializerProvider
-        ) {
-            value.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault())
-                .toOffsetDateTime()
-                .also {
-                    gen.writeString(it.format(ISO_OFFSET_DATE_TIME_FORMATTER))
-                }
-        }
-    }
-
-    class OffsetDateTimeSerializer : JsonSerializer<OffsetDateTime>() {
-        override fun serialize(
-            value: OffsetDateTime,
-            gen: JsonGenerator,
-            serializers: SerializerProvider
-        ) {
-            gen.writeString(value.format(ISO_OFFSET_DATE_TIME_FORMATTER))
-        }
-    }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}
diff --git a/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/config/ObservationConfig.kt b/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/config/ObservationConfig.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..68d8ed99
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/config/ObservationConfig.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package com.sangdol.common.web.config
+
+import com.sangdol.common.web.asepct.ServiceObservationAspect
+import io.micrometer.observation.ObservationPredicate
+import io.micrometer.observation.ObservationRegistry
+import io.micrometer.observation.aop.ObservedAspect
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
+import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
+import org.springframework.http.server.observation.ServerRequestObservationContext
+
+@Configuration
+class ObservationConfig(
+    @Value("\${management.endpoints.web.base-path}") private val actuatorPath: String
+) {
+
+    @Bean
+    fun observedAspect(observationRegistry: ObservationRegistry): ObservedAspect {
+        return ObservedAspect(observationRegistry)
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    fun serviceObservationAspect(observationRegistry: ObservationRegistry): ServiceObservationAspect {
+        return ServiceObservationAspect(observationRegistry)
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    fun excludeActuatorPredicate(): ObservationPredicate {
+        return ObservationPredicate { _, context ->
+            if (context !is ServerRequestObservationContext) {
+                return@ObservationPredicate true
+            }
+
+            val servletRequest: HttpServletRequest = context.carrier
+            val requestUri = servletRequest.requestURI
+
+            !requestUri.contains(actuatorPath)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/support/log/WebLogMessageConverter.kt b/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/support/log/WebLogMessageConverter.kt
index 1a2c47a7..48653a11 100644
--- a/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/support/log/WebLogMessageConverter.kt
+++ b/common/web/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/support/log/WebLogMessageConverter.kt
@@ -18,7 +18,10 @@ class WebLogMessageConverter(
         return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(payload)
     }
 
-    fun convertToControllerInvokedMessage(servletRequest: HttpServletRequest, controllerPayload: Map<String, Any>): String {
+    fun convertToControllerInvokedMessage(
+        servletRequest: HttpServletRequest,
+        controllerPayload: Map<String, Any>
+    ): String {
         val payload = LogPayloadBuilder(type = LogType.CONTROLLER_INVOKED, servletRequest = servletRequest)
             .endpoint()
             .principalId()
diff --git a/common/web/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/config/JacksonConfigTest.kt b/common/web/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/config/JacksonConfigTest.kt
index 19af86d1..037a78f5 100644
--- a/common/web/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/config/JacksonConfigTest.kt
+++ b/common/web/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/config/JacksonConfigTest.kt
@@ -7,10 +7,7 @@ import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
 import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import io.kotest.matchers.string.shouldContain
 import java.time.LocalDate
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.time.LocalTime
-import java.time.OffsetDateTime
-import java.time.ZoneOffset
 
 class JacksonConfigTest : FunSpec({
 
@@ -55,38 +52,4 @@ class JacksonConfigTest : FunSpec({
             }.message shouldContain "Text '$hour:$minute:$sec' could not be parsed"
         }
     }
-
-    context("Long 타입은 문자열로 (역)직렬화된다.") {
-        val number = 1234567890L
-        val serialized: String = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(number)
-        val deserialized: Long = objectMapper.readValue(serialized, Long::class.java)
-
-        test("Long 직렬화") {
-            serialized shouldBe "$number"
-        }
-
-        test("Long 역직렬화") {
-            deserialized shouldBe number
-        }
-    }
-
-    context("OffsetDateTime은 ISO 8601 형식으로 직렬화된다.") {
-        val date = LocalDate.of(2025, 7, 14)
-        val time = LocalTime.of(12, 30, 0)
-        val dateTime = OffsetDateTime.of(date, time, ZoneOffset.ofHours(9))
-        val serialized: String = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(dateTime)
-
-        test("OffsetDateTime 직렬화") {
-            serialized shouldBe "\"2025-07-14T12:30:00+09:00\""
-        }
-    }
-
-    context("LocalDateTime은 ISO 8601 형식으로 직렬화된다.") {
-        val dateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2025, 7, 14, 12, 30, 0)
-        val serialized: String = objectMapper.writeValueAsString(dateTime)
-
-        test("LocalDateTime 직렬화") {
-            serialized shouldBe "\"2025-07-14T12:30:00+09:00\""
-        }
-    }
-})
\ No newline at end of file
+})
diff --git a/common/web/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/support/log/LogPayloadBuilderTest.kt b/common/web/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/support/log/LogPayloadBuilderTest.kt
index 0b905efa..a5a8022e 100644
--- a/common/web/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/support/log/LogPayloadBuilderTest.kt
+++ b/common/web/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/support/log/LogPayloadBuilderTest.kt
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ class LogPayloadBuilderTest : FunSpec({
     beforeTest {
         method = "GET".also { every { servletRequest.method } returns it }
         requestUri = "/converter/test".also { every { servletRequest.requestURI } returns it }
-        remoteAddr = "localhost".also {  every { servletRequest.remoteAddr } returns it }
+        remoteAddr = "localhost".also { every { servletRequest.remoteAddr } returns it }
         userAgent = "Mozilla/5.0".also { every { servletRequest.getHeader("User-Agent") } returns it }
         queryString = "key=value".also { every { servletRequest.queryString } returns it }
     }
diff --git a/common/web/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/support/log/WebLogMessageConverterTest.kt b/common/web/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/support/log/WebLogMessageConverterTest.kt
index 84a1f62d..4c0951fb 100644
--- a/common/web/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/support/log/WebLogMessageConverterTest.kt
+++ b/common/web/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/common/web/support/log/WebLogMessageConverterTest.kt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class WebLogMessageConverterTest : FunSpec({
     beforeTest {
         method = "GET".also { every { servletRequest.method } returns it }
         requestUri = "/converter/test".also { every { servletRequest.requestURI } returns it }
-        remoteAddr = "localhost".also {  every { servletRequest.remoteAddr } returns it }
+        remoteAddr = "localhost".also { every { servletRequest.remoteAddr } returns it }
         userAgent = "Mozilla/5.0".also { every { servletRequest.getHeader("User-Agent") } returns it }
         queryString = "key=value".also { every { servletRequest.queryString } returns it }
     }
@@ -121,7 +121,10 @@ class WebLogMessageConverterTest : FunSpec({
                 this["duration_ms"].shouldNotBeNull()
                 this["principal_id"] shouldBe principalId
                 this["response_body"] shouldBe null
-                this["exception"] shouldBe mapOf("class" to exception.javaClass.simpleName, "message" to exception.message)
+                this["exception"] shouldBe mapOf(
+                    "class" to exception.javaClass.simpleName,
+                    "message" to exception.message
+                )
             }
         }
 
@@ -141,7 +144,10 @@ class WebLogMessageConverterTest : FunSpec({
                 this["duration_ms"].shouldNotBeNull()
                 this["principal_id"] shouldBe principalId
                 this["response_body"] shouldBe body
-                this["exception"] shouldBe mapOf("class" to exception.javaClass.simpleName, "message" to exception.message)
+                this["exception"] shouldBe mapOf(
+                    "class" to exception.javaClass.simpleName,
+                    "message" to exception.message
+                )
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/docker/docker-compose.yaml b/docker/docker-compose.yaml
index 83ce6703..995e40fb 100644
--- a/docker/docker-compose.yaml
+++ b/docker/docker-compose.yaml
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ services:
     environment:
       MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: init
       MYSQL_DATABASE: roomescape_local
-      TZ: Asia/Seoul
+      TZ: UTC
     command:
       - --character-set-server=utf8mb4
       - --collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
diff --git a/frontend/.dockerignore b/frontend/.dockerignore
index 3dd9fe5b..0fde024d 100644
--- a/frontend/.dockerignore
+++ b/frontend/.dockerignore
@@ -1,6 +1,18 @@
-node_modules
 .git
-.DS_Store
+.gitignore
+
+# Node.js
+node_modules
 npm-debug.log
+
+# Build output
+build
 dist
-build
\ No newline at end of file
+
+# Editor/OS specific
+.vscode
+.idea
+.DS_Store
+
+# Environment variables
+.env*
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/Dockerfile b/frontend/Dockerfile
index cfc4d6d9..8afa50dd 100644
--- a/frontend/Dockerfile
+++ b/frontend/Dockerfile
@@ -1,18 +1,17 @@
-# Stage 1: Build the React app
-FROM node:24 AS builder
+FROM node:24-alpine AS builder
 WORKDIR /app
-COPY package.json ./
-COPY package-lock.json ./
 
-RUN npm install --frozen-lockfile
+COPY package.json package-lock.json ./
+
+RUN npm ci
 
 COPY . .
 
 RUN npm run build
+FROM nginx:1.27-alpine
 
-# Stage 2: Serve with Nginx
-FROM nginx:latest
 COPY --from=builder /app/dist /usr/share/nginx/html
 COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf
+
 EXPOSE 80
-CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
+CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/frontend/src/components/AdminRoute.tsx b/frontend/src/components/AdminRoute.tsx
deleted file mode 100644
index c238090d..00000000
--- a/frontend/src/components/AdminRoute.tsx
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-import React from 'react';
-import {Navigate, useLocation} from 'react-router-dom';
-import {useAuth} from '../context/AuthContext';
-
-const AdminRoute: React.FC<{ children: JSX.Element }> = ({ children }) => {
-    const { loggedIn, role, loading } = useAuth();
-    const location = useLocation();
-
-    if (loading) {
-        return <div>Loading...</div>; // Or a proper spinner component
-    }
-
-    if (!loggedIn) {
-        // Not logged in, redirect to login page. No alert needed here
-        // as the user is simply redirected.
-        return <Navigate to="/login" state={{ from: location }} replace />;
-    }
-
-    if (role !== 'ADMIN') {
-        // Logged in but not an admin, show alert and redirect.
-        alert('접근 권한이 없어요. 관리자에게 문의해주세요.');
-        return <Navigate to="/" replace />;
-    }
-
-    return children;
-};
-
-export default AdminRoute;
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/admin/AdminSchedulePage.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/admin/AdminSchedulePage.tsx
index f169e0bc..98c995e7 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/admin/AdminSchedulePage.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/admin/AdminSchedulePage.tsx
@@ -10,10 +10,11 @@ import {
 import {type AdminScheduleSummaryResponse, ScheduleStatus,} from '@_api/schedule/scheduleTypes';
 import {getStores} from '@_api/store/storeAPI';
 import {type SimpleStoreResponse} from '@_api/store/storeTypes';
-import {fetchActiveThemes, fetchThemeById} from '@_api/theme/themeAPI';
+import {fetchActiveThemes} from '@_api/theme/themeAPI';
 import {DifficultyKoreanMap, type SimpleActiveThemeResponse, type ThemeInfoResponse} from '@_api/theme/themeTypes';
 import {useAdminAuth} from '@_context/AdminAuthContext';
 import '@_css/admin-schedule-page.css';
+import {formatDisplayDateTime} from '@_util/DateTimeFormatter';
 import React, {Fragment, useEffect, useState} from 'react';
 import {useLocation, useNavigate} from 'react-router-dom';
 
@@ -53,8 +54,8 @@ const AdminSchedulePage: React.FC = () => {
     const [editingSchedule, setEditingSchedule] = useState<EditingSchedule | null>(null);
 
     const [isModalOpen, setIsModalOpen] = useState(false);
-    const [selectedThemeDetails, setSelectedThemeDetails] = useState<ThemeInfoResponse | null>(null);
-    const [isLoadingThemeDetails, setIsLoadingThemeDetails] = useState<boolean>(false);
+    const [selectedThemeDetails] = useState<ThemeInfoResponse | null>(null);
+    const [isLoadingThemeDetails] = useState<boolean>(false);
 
     const navigate = useNavigate();
     const location = useLocation();
@@ -332,10 +333,10 @@ const AdminSchedulePage: React.FC = () => {
                                                             <h4 className="audit-title">감사 정보</h4>
                                                             <div className="audit-body">
                                                                 <p>
-                                                                    <strong>생성일:</strong> {new Date(detailedSchedules[schedule.id].audit!.createdAt).toLocaleString()}
+                                                                    <strong>생성일:</strong> {formatDisplayDateTime(detailedSchedules[schedule.id].audit!.createdAt)}
                                                                 </p>
                                                                 <p>
-                                                                    <strong>수정일:</strong> {new Date(detailedSchedules[schedule.id].audit!.updatedAt).toLocaleString()}
+                                                                    <strong>수정일:</strong> {formatDisplayDateTime(detailedSchedules[schedule.id].audit!.updatedAt)}
                                                                 </p>
                                                                 <p>
                                                                     <strong>생성자:</strong> {detailedSchedules[schedule.id].audit!.createdBy.name}({detailedSchedules[schedule.id].audit!.createdBy.id})
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/admin/AdminStorePage.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/admin/AdminStorePage.tsx
index 9caa92fb..428f6a6f 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/admin/AdminStorePage.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/admin/AdminStorePage.tsx
@@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
-import { isLoginRequiredError } from '@_api/apiClient';
-import { fetchSidoList, fetchSigunguList } from '@_api/region/regionAPI';
-import type { SidoResponse, SigunguResponse } from '@_api/region/regionTypes';
-import { createStore, deleteStore, getStoreDetail, getStores, updateStore } from '@_api/store/storeAPI';
+import {isLoginRequiredError} from '@_api/apiClient';
+import {fetchSidoList, fetchSigunguList} from '@_api/region/regionAPI';
+import type {SidoResponse, SigunguResponse} from '@_api/region/regionTypes';
+import {createStore, deleteStore, getStoreDetail, getStores, updateStore} from '@_api/store/storeAPI';
 import {
     type SimpleStoreResponse,
     type StoreDetailResponse,
     type StoreRegisterRequest,
     type UpdateStoreRequest
 } from '@_api/store/storeTypes';
-import { useAdminAuth } from '@_context/AdminAuthContext';
+import {useAdminAuth} from '@_context/AdminAuthContext';
 import '@_css/admin-store-page.css';
-import React, { Fragment, useEffect, useState } from 'react';
-import { useLocation, useNavigate } from 'react-router-dom';
+import {formatDisplayDateTime} from '@_util/DateTimeFormatter';
+import React, {Fragment, useEffect, useState} from 'react';
+import {useLocation, useNavigate} from 'react-router-dom';
 
 const AdminStorePage: React.FC = () => {
     const [stores, setStores] = useState<SimpleStoreResponse[]>([]);
@@ -297,10 +298,10 @@ const AdminStorePage: React.FC = () => {
                                                                         코드:</strong> {detailedStores[store.id].region.code}
                                                                     </p>
                                                                     <p>
-                                                                        <strong>생성일:</strong> {new Date(detailedStores[store.id].audit.createdAt).toLocaleString()}
+                                                                        <strong>생성일:</strong> {formatDisplayDateTime(detailedStores[store.id].audit.createdAt)}
                                                                     </p>
                                                                     <p>
-                                                                        <strong>수정일:</strong> {new Date(detailedStores[store.id].audit.updatedAt).toLocaleString()}
+                                                                        <strong>수정일:</strong> {formatDisplayDateTime(detailedStores[store.id].audit.updatedAt)}
                                                                     </p>
                                                                     <p>
                                                                         <strong>생성자:</strong> {detailedStores[store.id].audit.createdBy.name}({detailedStores[store.id].audit.createdBy.id})
diff --git a/frontend/src/pages/admin/AdminThemeEditPage.tsx b/frontend/src/pages/admin/AdminThemeEditPage.tsx
index 0e6b6797..f258bc7a 100644
--- a/frontend/src/pages/admin/AdminThemeEditPage.tsx
+++ b/frontend/src/pages/admin/AdminThemeEditPage.tsx
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ import {
 import React, {useEffect, useState} from 'react';
 import {useLocation, useNavigate, useParams} from 'react-router-dom';
 import '@_css/admin-theme-edit-page.css';
-import type { AuditInfo } from '@_api/common/commonTypes';
+import type {AuditInfo} from '@_api/common/commonTypes';
+import {formatDisplayDateTime} from '@_util/DateTimeFormatter';
 
 interface ThemeFormData {
     name: string;
@@ -256,8 +257,8 @@ const AdminThemeEditPage: React.FC = () => {
                     <div className="audit-info">
                         <h4 className="audit-title">감사 정보</h4>
                         <div className="audit-body">
-                            <p><strong>생성일:</strong> {new Date(auditInfo.createdAt).toLocaleString()}</p>
-                            <p><strong>수정일:</strong> {new Date(auditInfo.updatedAt).toLocaleString()}</p>
+                            <p><strong>생성일:</strong> {formatDisplayDateTime(auditInfo.createdAt)}</p>
+                            <p><strong>수정일:</strong> {formatDisplayDateTime(auditInfo.updatedAt)}</p>
                             <p><strong>생성자:</strong> {auditInfo.createdBy.name}</p>
                             <p><strong>수정자:</strong> {auditInfo.updatedBy.name}</p>
                         </div>
diff --git a/frontend/tsconfig.app.json b/frontend/tsconfig.app.json
index 0edfa51c..4970e0b4 100644
--- a/frontend/tsconfig.app.json
+++ b/frontend/tsconfig.app.json
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@
     "strict": true,
     "noUnusedLocals": true,
     "noUnusedParameters": true,
-    "erasableSyntaxOnly": true,
     "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
     "noUncheckedSideEffectImports": true,
 
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/RoomescapeApplication.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/RoomescapeApplication.kt
index c8b5682f..c8a3ee8a 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/RoomescapeApplication.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/RoomescapeApplication.kt
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package com.sangdol.roomescape
 import org.springframework.boot.Banner
 import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication
 import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication
+import java.util.*
 
 @SpringBootApplication(
     scanBasePackages = ["com.sangdol.roomescape", "com.sangdol.common"]
@@ -10,6 +11,9 @@ import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication
 class RoomescapeApplication
 
 fun main(args: Array<String>) {
+    System.setProperty("user.timezone", "UTC")
+    TimeZone.setDefault(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"))
+
     val springApplication = SpringApplication(RoomescapeApplication::class.java)
     springApplication.setBannerMode(Banner.Mode.OFF)
     springApplication.run()
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/admin/business/AdminService.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/admin/business/AdminService.kt
index e59c22d2..2c13e94b 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/admin/business/AdminService.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/admin/business/AdminService.kt
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.business
 
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.Auditor
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.business.dto.AdminLoginCredentials
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.business.dto.toCredentials
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.exception.AdminErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.exception.AdminException
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminRepository
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.Auditor
 import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
 import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
 import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
@@ -20,29 +20,29 @@ class AdminService(
 ) {
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findCredentialsByAccount(account: String): AdminLoginCredentials {
-        log.info { "[AdminService.findCredentialsByAccount] 관리자 조회 시작: account=${account}" }
+        log.info { "[findCredentialsByAccount] 관리자 조회 시작: account=${account}" }
 
         return adminRepository.findByAccount(account)
             ?.let {
-                log.info { "[AdminService.findCredentialsByAccount] 관리자 조회 완료: account=${account}, id=${it.id}" }
+                log.info { "[findCredentialsByAccount] 관리자 조회 완료: account=${account}, id=${it.id}" }
                 it.toCredentials()
             }
             ?: run {
-                log.info { "[AdminService.findCredentialsByAccount] 관리자 조회 실패: account=${account}" }
+                log.info { "[findCredentialsByAccount] 관리자 조회 실패: account=${account}" }
                 throw AdminException(AdminErrorCode.ADMIN_NOT_FOUND)
             }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findOperatorOrUnknown(id: Long): Auditor {
-        log.info { "[AdminService.findOperatorById] 작업자 정보 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
+        log.info { "[findOperatorById] 작업자 정보 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
 
         return adminRepository.findByIdOrNull(id)?.let { admin ->
             Auditor(admin.id, admin.name).also {
-                log.info { "[AdminService.findOperatorById] 작업자 정보 조회 완료: id=${admin.id}, name=${admin.name}" }
+                log.info { "[findOperatorById] 작업자 정보 조회 완료: id=${admin.id}, name=${admin.name}" }
             }
         } ?: run {
-            log.warn { "[AdminService.findOperatorById] 작업자 정보 조회 실패. id=${id}" }
+            log.warn { "[findOperatorById] 작업자 정보 조회 실패. id=${id}" }
             Auditor.UNKNOWN
         }
     }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/business/AuthService.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/business/AuthService.kt
index 22cff9a8..efa5ea1d 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/business/AuthService.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/business/AuthService.kt
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ class AuthService(
         request: LoginRequest,
         context: LoginContext
     ): LoginSuccessResponse {
-        log.info { "[AuthService.login] 로그인 시작: account=${request.account}, type=${request.principalType}, context=${context}" }
+        log.info { "[login] 로그인 시작: account=${request.account}, type=${request.principalType}, context=${context}" }
         val (credentials, extraClaims) = getCredentials(request)
 
         try {
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class AuthService(
             loginHistoryService.createSuccessHistory(credentials.id, request.principalType, context)
 
             return credentials.toResponse(accessToken).also {
-                log.info { "[AuthService.login] 로그인 완료: account=${request.account}, context=${context}" }
+                log.info { "[login] 로그인 완료: account=${request.account}, context=${context}" }
             }
 
         } catch (e: Exception) {
@@ -48,12 +48,12 @@ class AuthService(
 
             when (e) {
                 is AuthException -> {
-                    log.info { "[AuthService.login] 로그인 실패: account = ${request.account}" }
+                    log.info { "[login] 로그인 실패: account = ${request.account}" }
                     throw e
                 }
 
                 else -> {
-                    log.warn { "[AuthService.login] 로그인 실패: message=${e.message} account = ${request.account}" }
+                    log.warn { "[login] 로그인 실패: message=${e.message} account = ${request.account}" }
                     throw AuthException(AuthErrorCode.TEMPORARY_AUTH_ERROR)
                 }
             }
@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@ class AuthService(
         credentials: LoginCredentials
     ) {
         if (credentials.password != request.password) {
-            log.info { "[AuthService.login] 비밀번호 불일치로 인한 로그인 실패: account = ${request.account}" }
+            log.info { "[login] 비밀번호 불일치로 인한 로그인 실패: account = ${request.account}" }
             throw AuthException(AuthErrorCode.LOGIN_FAILED)
         }
     }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/business/LoginHistoryService.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/business/LoginHistoryService.kt
index 6cbed9bd..4dc31855 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/business/LoginHistoryService.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/business/LoginHistoryService.kt
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class LoginHistoryService(
         success: Boolean,
         context: LoginContext
     ) {
-        log.info { "[LoginHistoryService.createHistory] 로그인 이력 저장 시작: id=${principalId}, type=${principalType}, success=${success}" }
+        log.info { "[createHistory] 로그인 이력 저장 시작: id=${principalId}, type=${principalType}, success=${success}" }
 
         runCatching {
             LoginHistoryEntity(
@@ -54,10 +54,10 @@ class LoginHistoryService(
                 userAgent = context.userAgent,
             ).also {
                 loginHistoryRepository.save(it)
-                log.info { "[LoginHistoryService.createHistory] 로그인 이력 저장 완료: principalId=${principalId}, historyId=${it.id}" }
+                log.info { "[createHistory] 로그인 이력 저장 완료: principalId=${principalId}, historyId=${it.id}" }
             }
         }.onFailure {
-            log.warn { "[LoginHistoryService] 로그인 이력 저장 중 예외 발생: message=${it.message} id=${principalId}, type=${principalType}, success=${success}, context=${context}" }
+            log.warn { "[createHistory] 로그인 이력 저장 중 예외 발생: message=${it.message} id=${principalId}, type=${principalType}, success=${success}, context=${context}" }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/docs/AuthAPI.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/docs/AuthAPI.kt
index 65a2c016..73fb472c 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/docs/AuthAPI.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/docs/AuthAPI.kt
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.docs
 
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.CommonApiResponse
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.CurrentUserContext
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.LoginRequest
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.LoginSuccessResponse
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.Public
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.User
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.CurrentUserContext
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.responses.ApiResponse
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.responses.ApiResponses
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/exception/AuthErrorCode.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/exception/AuthErrorCode.kt
index 2da82e04..bd659a01 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/exception/AuthErrorCode.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/exception/AuthErrorCode.kt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception
 
-import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.ErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 
 enum class AuthErrorCode(
     override val httpStatus: HttpStatus,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/infrastructure/jwt/JwtUtils.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/infrastructure/jwt/JwtUtils.kt
index ba34b687..28be6c61 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/infrastructure/jwt/JwtUtils.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/infrastructure/jwt/JwtUtils.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.infrastructure.jwt
 
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthException
 import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
 import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
 import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims
@@ -8,8 +10,6 @@ import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts
 import io.jsonwebtoken.security.Keys
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthException
 import java.util.*
 import javax.crypto.SecretKey
 
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/infrastructure/persistence/LoginHistoryEntity.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/infrastructure/persistence/LoginHistoryEntity.kt
index 8d8b2e67..86bcb168 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/infrastructure/persistence/LoginHistoryEntity.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/infrastructure/persistence/LoginHistoryEntity.kt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.PrincipalType
 import jakarta.persistence.*
 import org.springframework.data.annotation.CreatedDate
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.support.AuditingEntityListener
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 
 @Entity
 @Table(name = "login_history")
@@ -24,5 +24,5 @@ class LoginHistoryEntity(
 
     @Column(updatable = false)
     @CreatedDate
-    var createdAt: LocalDateTime? = null,
+    var createdAt: Instant? = null,
 ) : PersistableBaseEntity(id)
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/AuthDTO.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/AuthDTO.kt
index 2069f004..4385358d 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/AuthDTO.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/AuthDTO.kt
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web
 
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminType
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
 
 enum class PrincipalType {
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/support/interceptors/AdminInterceptor.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/support/interceptors/AdminInterceptor.kt
index 7de82394..9578dd35 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/support/interceptors/AdminInterceptor.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/support/interceptors/AdminInterceptor.kt
@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.interceptors
 
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
-import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
-import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
-import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod
-import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.MdcPrincipalIdUtil
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminPermissionLevel
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminType
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.Privilege
@@ -17,7 +11,13 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthException
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.infrastructure.jwt.JwtUtils
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.AdminOnly
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.accessToken
-import com.sangdol.common.utils.MdcPrincipalIdUtil
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
+import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
+import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod
+import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
@@ -47,7 +47,10 @@ class AdminInterceptor(
             return true
         } catch (e: Exception) {
             when (e) {
-                is AuthException -> { throw e }
+                is AuthException -> {
+                    throw e
+                }
+
                 else -> {
                     log.warn { "[AdminInterceptor] 예상치 못한 예외: message=${e.message}" }
                     throw AuthException(AuthErrorCode.TEMPORARY_AUTH_ERROR)
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/support/interceptors/UserInterceptor.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/support/interceptors/UserInterceptor.kt
index 8be0d99c..c745681e 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/support/interceptors/UserInterceptor.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/support/interceptors/UserInterceptor.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,12 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.interceptors
 
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.MdcPrincipalIdUtil
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.business.CLAIM_ADMIN_TYPE_KEY
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthException
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.infrastructure.jwt.JwtUtils
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.UserOnly
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.accessToken
 import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
 import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
@@ -7,13 +14,6 @@ import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
 import org.springframework.web.method.HandlerMethod
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.HandlerInterceptor
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.business.CLAIM_ADMIN_TYPE_KEY
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthException
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.infrastructure.jwt.JwtUtils
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.UserOnly
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.accessToken
-import com.sangdol.common.utils.MdcPrincipalIdUtil
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
@@ -47,7 +47,10 @@ class UserInterceptor(
             return true
         } catch (e: Exception) {
             when (e) {
-                is AuthException -> { throw e }
+                is AuthException -> {
+                    throw e
+                }
+
                 else -> {
                     log.warn { "[UserInterceptor] 예상치 못한 예외: message=${e.message}" }
                     throw AuthException(AuthErrorCode.TEMPORARY_AUTH_ERROR)
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/support/resolver/UserContextResolver.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/support/resolver/UserContextResolver.kt
index ea47d16b..e61270be 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/support/resolver/UserContextResolver.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/web/support/resolver/UserContextResolver.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,11 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.resolver
 
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthException
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.infrastructure.jwt.JwtUtils
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.User
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.accessToken
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.business.UserService
 import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
 import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
 import jakarta.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest
@@ -9,12 +15,6 @@ import org.springframework.web.bind.support.WebDataBinderFactory
 import org.springframework.web.context.request.NativeWebRequest
 import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolver
 import org.springframework.web.method.support.ModelAndViewContainer
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthException
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.infrastructure.jwt.JwtUtils
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.User
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.accessToken
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.business.UserService
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/RoomescapeLogMaskingConverter.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/RoomescapeLogMaskingConverter.kt
index 9e6c10e0..cf3ffa3d 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/RoomescapeLogMaskingConverter.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/RoomescapeLogMaskingConverter.kt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.common.config
 
-import com.sangdol.common.web.config.JacksonConfig
 import com.sangdol.common.log.message.AbstractLogMaskingConverter
+import com.sangdol.common.web.config.JacksonConfig
 
-class RoomescapeLogMaskingConverter: AbstractLogMaskingConverter(
+class RoomescapeLogMaskingConverter : AbstractLogMaskingConverter(
     sensitiveKeys = setOf("password", "accessToken", "phone"),
     objectMapper = JacksonConfig().objectMapper()
 )
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/SlowQueryLoggerConfig.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/SlowQueryLoggerConfig.kt
index 3e599e9b..6482d7c0 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/SlowQueryLoggerConfig.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/SlowQueryLoggerConfig.kt
@@ -9,11 +9,9 @@ import org.springframework.boot.jdbc.DataSourceBuilder
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary
-import org.springframework.context.annotation.Profile
 import javax.sql.DataSource
 
 @Configuration
-@Profile("deploy")
 @EnableConfigurationProperties(SlowQueryProperties::class)
 class ProxyDataSourceConfig {
 
@@ -36,7 +34,6 @@ class ProxyDataSourceConfig {
         .build()
 }
 
-@Profile("deploy")
 @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "slow-query")
 data class SlowQueryProperties(
     val loggerName: String,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/SwaggerConfig.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/SwaggerConfig.kt
index 509a0192..1585f482 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/SwaggerConfig.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/SwaggerConfig.kt
@@ -1,7 +1,6 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.common.config
 
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.OpenAPI
-import io.swagger.v3.oas.models.info.Info
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
 
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/TraceConfig.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/TraceConfig.kt
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5aeccca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/TraceConfig.kt
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+package com.sangdol.roomescape.common.config
+
+import io.micrometer.observation.ObservationPredicate
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean
+import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
+
+@Configuration
+class TraceConfig {
+
+    companion object {
+        val scheduleTaskName = "tasks.scheduled.execution"
+    }
+
+    @Bean
+    fun excludeSchedulerPredicate(): ObservationPredicate {
+        return ObservationPredicate { name, context ->
+            !name.equals(scheduleTaskName)
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/WebMvcConfig.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/WebMvcConfig.kt
index 2bf615eb..1e64c387 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/WebMvcConfig.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/config/WebMvcConfig.kt
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.common.config
 
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.interceptors.AdminInterceptor
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.interceptors.UserInterceptor
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.resolver.UserContextResolver
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration
 import org.springframework.web.method.support.HandlerMethodArgumentResolver
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry
 import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.interceptors.AdminInterceptor
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.interceptors.UserInterceptor
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.resolver.UserContextResolver
 
 @Configuration
 class WebMvcConfig(
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/types/AuditingInfo.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/types/AuditingInfo.kt
index 83693c60..94cc0998 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/types/AuditingInfo.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/common/types/AuditingInfo.kt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types
 
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 
 data class Auditor(
     val id: Long,
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ data class Auditor(
 }
 
 data class AuditingInfo(
-    val createdAt: LocalDateTime,
+    val createdAt: Instant,
     val createdBy: Auditor,
-    val updatedAt: LocalDateTime,
+    val updatedAt: Instant,
     val updatedBy: Auditor,
 )
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/business/PaymentService.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/business/PaymentService.kt
index 8336919c..ec874e10 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/business/PaymentService.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/business/PaymentService.kt
@@ -1,9 +1,5 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.business
 
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
-import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
 import com.sangdol.common.persistence.TransactionExecutionUtil
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.exception.PaymentErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.exception.PaymentException
@@ -12,6 +8,10 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.client.PaymentClientConfirm
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.client.TosspayClient
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.persistence.*
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.web.*
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ class PaymentService(
 
             PaymentCreateResponse(paymentId = payment.id, detailId = detail.id)
         } ?: run {
-            log.warn { "[PaymentService.confirm] 결제 확정 중 예상치 못한 null 반환" }
+            log.warn { "[confirm] 결제 확정 중 예상치 못한 null 반환" }
             throw PaymentException(PaymentErrorCode.PAYMENT_UNEXPECTED_ERROR)
         }
     }
@@ -64,13 +64,13 @@ class PaymentService(
                 cancelResponse = clientCancelResponse
             )
         }.also {
-            log.info { "[PaymentService.cancel] 결제 취소 완료: paymentId=${payment.id}" }
+            log.info { "[cancel] 결제 취소 완료: paymentId=${payment.id}" }
         }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findDetailByReservationId(reservationId: Long): PaymentWithDetailResponse? {
-        log.info { "[PaymentService.findDetailByReservationId] 예약 결제 정보 조회 시작: reservationId=$reservationId" }
+        log.info { "[findDetailByReservationId] 예약 결제 정보 조회 시작: reservationId=$reservationId" }
 
         val payment: PaymentEntity? = findByReservationIdOrNull(reservationId)
         val paymentDetail: PaymentDetailEntity? = payment?.let { findDetailByPaymentIdOrNull(it.id) }
@@ -83,49 +83,49 @@ class PaymentService(
     }
 
     private fun findByReservationIdOrThrow(reservationId: Long): PaymentEntity {
-        log.info { "[PaymentService.findByReservationIdOrThrow] 결제 정보 조회 시작: reservationId=: $reservationId" }
+        log.info { "[findByReservationIdOrThrow] 결제 정보 조회 시작: reservationId=: $reservationId" }
 
         return paymentRepository.findByReservationId(reservationId)
-            ?.also { log.info { "[PaymentService.findByReservationIdOrThrow] 결제 정보 조회 완료: reservationId=$reservationId, paymentId=${it.id}" } }
+            ?.also { log.info { "[findByReservationIdOrThrow] 결제 정보 조회 완료: reservationId=$reservationId, paymentId=${it.id}" } }
             ?: run {
-                log.warn { "[PaymentService.findByReservationIdOrThrow] 결제 정보 조회 실패: reservationId=$reservationId" }
+                log.warn { "[findByReservationIdOrThrow] 결제 정보 조회 실패: reservationId=$reservationId" }
                 throw PaymentException(PaymentErrorCode.PAYMENT_NOT_FOUND)
             }
     }
 
     private fun findByReservationIdOrNull(reservationId: Long): PaymentEntity? {
-        log.info { "[PaymentService.findByReservationIdOrThrow] 결제 정보 조회 시작: reservationId=: $reservationId" }
+        log.info { "[findByReservationIdOrThrow] 결제 정보 조회 시작: reservationId=: $reservationId" }
 
         return paymentRepository.findByReservationId(reservationId)
             .also {
                 if (it != null) {
-                    log.info { "[PaymentService.findByReservationIdOrThrow] 결제 정보 조회 완료: reservationId=$reservationId, paymentId=${it.id}" }
+                    log.info { "[findByReservationIdOrThrow] 결제 정보 조회 완료: reservationId=$reservationId, paymentId=${it.id}" }
                 } else {
-                    log.warn { "[PaymentService.findByReservationIdOrThrow] 결제 정보 조회 실패: reservationId=$reservationId" }
+                    log.warn { "[findByReservationIdOrThrow] 결제 정보 조회 실패: reservationId=$reservationId" }
                 }
             }
     }
 
     private fun findDetailByPaymentIdOrNull(paymentId: Long): PaymentDetailEntity? {
-        log.info { "[PaymentService.findDetailByPaymentIdOrThrow] 결제 상세 정보 조회 시작: paymentId=$paymentId" }
+        log.info { "[findDetailByPaymentIdOrThrow] 결제 상세 정보 조회 시작: paymentId=$paymentId" }
 
         return paymentDetailRepository.findByPaymentId(paymentId).also {
             if (it != null) {
-                log.info { "[PaymentService.findDetailByPaymentIdOrThrow] 결제 상세 정보 조회 완료: paymentId=$paymentId, detailId=${it.id}}" }
+                log.info { "[findDetailByPaymentIdOrThrow] 결제 상세 정보 조회 완료: paymentId=$paymentId, detailId=${it.id}}" }
             } else {
-                log.warn { "[PaymentService.findDetailByPaymentIdOrThrow] 결제 상세 정보 조회 실패: paymentId=$paymentId" }
+                log.warn { "[findDetailByPaymentIdOrThrow] 결제 상세 정보 조회 실패: paymentId=$paymentId" }
             }
         }
     }
 
     private fun findCancelByPaymentIdOrNull(paymentId: Long): CanceledPaymentEntity? {
-        log.info { "[PaymentService.findDetailByReservationId] 취소 결제 정보 조회 시작: paymentId=${paymentId}" }
+        log.info { "[findDetailByReservationId] 취소 결제 정보 조회 시작: paymentId=${paymentId}" }
 
         return canceledPaymentRepository.findByPaymentId(paymentId).also {
             if (it == null) {
-                log.info { "[PaymentService.findDetailByReservationId] 취소 결제 정보가 없음: paymentId=${paymentId}" }
+                log.info { "[findDetailByReservationId] 취소 결제 정보가 없음: paymentId=${paymentId}" }
             } else {
-                log.info { "[PaymentService.findDetailByReservationId] 취소 결제 정보 조회 완료: paymentId=${paymentId}, cancelId=${it.id}" }
+                log.info { "[findDetailByReservationId] 취소 결제 정보 조회 완료: paymentId=${paymentId}, cancelId=${it.id}" }
             }
         }
     }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/business/PaymentWriter.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/business/PaymentWriter.kt
index 06226ec4..bbeda832 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/business/PaymentWriter.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/business/PaymentWriter.kt
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.persistence.*
 import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
 import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ class PaymentWriter(
     fun cancel(
         userId: Long,
         payment: PaymentEntity,
-        requestedAt: LocalDateTime,
+        requestedAt: Instant,
         cancelResponse: PaymentClientCancelResponse
     ): CanceledPaymentEntity {
         log.debug { "[PaymentWriterV2.cancelPayment] 결제 취소 정보 저장 시작: payment.id=${payment.id}" }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/exception/PaymentErrorCode.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/exception/PaymentErrorCode.kt
index 9d2ea09a..db404e83 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/exception/PaymentErrorCode.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/exception/PaymentErrorCode.kt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.exception
 
-import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.ErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 
 enum class PaymentErrorCode(
     override val httpStatus: HttpStatus,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/client/TosspayCancelDTO.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/client/TosspayCancelDTO.kt
index a4077b27..2ba4f6a1 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/client/TosspayCancelDTO.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/client/TosspayCancelDTO.kt
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.JsonNode
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.annotation.JsonDeserialize
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.PaymentStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.persistence.CanceledPaymentEntity
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 import java.time.OffsetDateTime
 
 data class PaymentClientCancelResponse(
@@ -28,10 +28,10 @@ fun CancelDetail.toEntity(
     id: Long,
     paymentId: Long,
     canceledBy: Long,
-    cancelRequestedAt: LocalDateTime
+    cancelRequestedAt: Instant
 ) = CanceledPaymentEntity(
     id = id,
-    canceledAt = this.canceledAt,
+    canceledAt = this.canceledAt.toInstant(),
     requestedAt = cancelRequestedAt,
     paymentId = paymentId,
     canceledBy = canceledBy,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/client/TosspayConfirmDTO.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/client/TosspayConfirmDTO.kt
index ebcf0719..ca8f549a 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/client/TosspayConfirmDTO.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/client/TosspayConfirmDTO.kt
@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ fun PaymentClientConfirmResponse.toEntity(
     paymentKey = this.paymentKey,
     orderId = orderId,
     totalAmount = this.totalAmount,
-    requestedAt = this.requestedAt,
-    approvedAt = this.approvedAt,
+    requestedAt = this.requestedAt.toInstant(),
+    approvedAt = this.approvedAt.toInstant(),
     type = paymentType,
     method = this.method,
     status = this.status,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/common/PaymentTypes.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/common/PaymentTypes.kt
index 44ef401f..5fd64a1d 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/common/PaymentTypes.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/common/PaymentTypes.kt
@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common
 
 import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonCreator
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.exception.PaymentErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.exception.PaymentException
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/persistence/CanceledPaymentEntity.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/persistence/CanceledPaymentEntity.kt
index 4db2e14d..d85a26ce 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/persistence/CanceledPaymentEntity.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/persistence/CanceledPaymentEntity.kt
@@ -3,8 +3,7 @@ package com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.persistence
 import com.sangdol.common.persistence.PersistableBaseEntity
 import jakarta.persistence.Entity
 import jakarta.persistence.Table
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
-import java.time.OffsetDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 
 @Entity
 @Table(name = "canceled_payment")
@@ -12,8 +11,8 @@ class CanceledPaymentEntity(
     id: Long,
 
     val paymentId: Long,
-    val requestedAt: LocalDateTime,
-    val canceledAt: OffsetDateTime,
+    val requestedAt: Instant,
+    val canceledAt: Instant,
     val canceledBy: Long,
     val cancelReason: String,
     val cancelAmount: Int,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/persistence/PaymentEntity.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/persistence/PaymentEntity.kt
index 48aa5587..1571e15e 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/persistence/PaymentEntity.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/infrastructure/persistence/PaymentEntity.kt
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import jakarta.persistence.Entity
 import jakarta.persistence.EnumType
 import jakarta.persistence.Enumerated
 import jakarta.persistence.Table
-import java.time.OffsetDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 
 @Entity
 @Table(name = "payment")
@@ -19,8 +19,8 @@ class PaymentEntity(
     val paymentKey: String,
     val orderId: String,
     val totalAmount: Int,
-    val requestedAt: OffsetDateTime,
-    val approvedAt: OffsetDateTime,
+    val requestedAt: Instant,
+    val approvedAt: Instant,
 
     @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)
     val type: PaymentType,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/web/PaymentDTO.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/web/PaymentDTO.kt
index 1e39f186..0ed997b0 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/web/PaymentDTO.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/web/PaymentDTO.kt
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.PaymentStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.PaymentType
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.persistence.*
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.web.PaymentDetailResponse.*
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
-import java.time.OffsetDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 
 data class PaymentConfirmRequest(
     val paymentKey: String,
@@ -24,7 +23,7 @@ data class PaymentCreateResponse(
 data class PaymentCancelRequest(
     val reservationId: Long,
     val cancelReason: String,
-    val requestedAt: LocalDateTime = LocalDateTime.now()
+    val requestedAt: Instant = Instant.now()
 )
 
 data class PaymentWithDetailResponse(
@@ -32,8 +31,8 @@ data class PaymentWithDetailResponse(
     val totalAmount: Int,
     val method: String,
     val status: PaymentStatus,
-    val requestedAt: OffsetDateTime,
-    val approvedAt: OffsetDateTime,
+    val requestedAt: Instant,
+    val approvedAt: Instant,
     val detail: PaymentDetailResponse?,
     val cancel: PaymentCancelDetailResponse?,
 )
@@ -120,8 +119,8 @@ fun PaymentEasypayPrepaidDetailEntity.toEasyPayPrepaidDetailResponse(): EasyPayP
 }
 
 data class PaymentCancelDetailResponse(
-    val cancellationRequestedAt: LocalDateTime,
-    val cancellationApprovedAt: OffsetDateTime?,
+    val cancellationRequestedAt: Instant,
+    val cancellationApprovedAt: Instant?,
     val cancelReason: String,
     val canceledBy: Long,
 )
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/business/RegionService.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/business/RegionService.kt
index de6f1111..8da6c9fe 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/business/RegionService.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/business/RegionService.kt
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.region.business
 
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
-import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.region.exception.RegionErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.region.exception.RegionException
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.region.infrastructure.persistence.RegionRepository
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.region.web.*
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
+import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
@@ -17,56 +17,56 @@ class RegionService(
 ) {
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun readAllSido(): SidoListResponse {
-        log.info { "[RegionService.readAllSido] 모든 시/도 조회 시작" }
+        log.info { "[readAllSido] 모든 시/도 조회 시작" }
         val result: List<Pair<String, String>> = regionRepository.readAllSido()
 
         if (result.isEmpty()) {
-            log.warn { "[RegionService.readAllSido] 시/도 조회 실패" }
+            log.warn { "[readAllSido] 시/도 조회 실패" }
             throw RegionException(RegionErrorCode.SIDO_CODE_NOT_FOUND)
         }
 
         return SidoListResponse(result.map { SidoResponse(code = it.first, name = it.second) }).also {
-            log.info { "[RegionService.readAllSido] ${it.sidoList.size}개의 시/도 조회 완료" }
+            log.info { "[readAllSido] ${it.sidoList.size}개의 시/도 조회 완료" }
         }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findSigunguBySido(sidoCode: String): SigunguListResponse {
-        log.info { "[RegionService.findSigunguBySido] 시/군/구 조회 시작: sidoCode=${sidoCode}" }
+        log.info { "[findSigunguBySido] 시/군/구 조회 시작: sidoCode=${sidoCode}" }
         val result: List<Pair<String, String>> = regionRepository.findAllSigunguBySido(sidoCode)
 
         if (result.isEmpty()) {
-            log.warn { "[RegionService.findSigunguBySido] 시/군/구 조회 실패: sidoCode=${sidoCode}" }
+            log.warn { "[findSigunguBySido] 시/군/구 조회 실패: sidoCode=${sidoCode}" }
             throw RegionException(RegionErrorCode.SIGUNGU_CODE_NOT_FOUND)
         }
 
         return SigunguListResponse(result.map { SigunguResponse(code = it.first, name = it.second) }).also {
-            log.info { "[RegionService.findSigunguBySido] sidoCode=${sidoCode}인 ${it.sigunguList.size}개의 시/군/구 조회 완료" }
+            log.info { "[findSigunguBySido] sidoCode=${sidoCode}인 ${it.sigunguList.size}개의 시/군/구 조회 완료" }
         }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findRegionCode(sidoCode: String, sigunguCode: String): RegionCodeResponse {
-        log.info { "[RegionService.findRegionCode] 지역 코드 조회 시작: sidoCode=${sidoCode} / sigunguCode=${sigunguCode}" }
+        log.info { "[findRegionCode] 지역 코드 조회 시작: sidoCode=${sidoCode} / sigunguCode=${sigunguCode}" }
 
         return regionRepository.findRegionCode(sidoCode, sigunguCode)?.let {
-            log.info { "[RegionService.findRegionCode] 지역 코드 조회 완료: code=${it} sidoCode=${sidoCode} / sigunguCode=${sigunguCode}" }
+            log.info { "[findRegionCode] 지역 코드 조회 완료: code=${it} sidoCode=${sidoCode} / sigunguCode=${sigunguCode}" }
             RegionCodeResponse(it)
         } ?: run {
-            log.warn { "[RegionService.findRegionCode] 지역 코드 조회 실패: sidoCode=${sidoCode} / sigunguCode=${sigunguCode}" }
+            log.warn { "[findRegionCode] 지역 코드 조회 실패: sidoCode=${sidoCode} / sigunguCode=${sigunguCode}" }
             throw RegionException(RegionErrorCode.REGION_CODE_NOT_FOUND)
         }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findRegionInfo(regionCode: String): RegionInfoResponse {
-        log.info { "[RegionService.findRegionInfo] 지역 정보 조회 시작: regionCode=${regionCode}" }
+        log.info { "[findRegionInfo] 지역 정보 조회 시작: regionCode=${regionCode}" }
 
         return regionRepository.findByCode(regionCode)?.let {
-            log.info { "[RegionService.findRegionInfo] 지역 정보 조회 완료: code=${it} regionCode=${regionCode}" }
+            log.info { "[findRegionInfo] 지역 정보 조회 완료: code=${it} regionCode=${regionCode}" }
             RegionInfoResponse(it.code, it.sidoName, it.sigunguName)
         } ?: run {
-            log.warn { "[RegionService.findRegionInfo] 지역 정보 조회 실패: regionCode=${regionCode}" }
+            log.warn { "[findRegionInfo] 지역 정보 조회 실패: regionCode=${regionCode}" }
             throw RegionException(RegionErrorCode.REGION_CODE_NOT_FOUND)
         }
     }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/exception/RegionException.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/exception/RegionException.kt
index b7201c9b..9872add4 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/exception/RegionException.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/exception/RegionException.kt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.region.exception
 
-import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.ErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.RoomescapeException
+import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 
 class RegionException(
     override val errorCode: RegionErrorCode,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/business/ReservationService.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/business/ReservationService.kt
index 61587cde..315e1b6f 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/business/ReservationService.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/business/ReservationService.kt
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
 import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
@@ -40,19 +40,19 @@ class ReservationService(
         user: CurrentUserContext,
         request: PendingReservationCreateRequest
     ): PendingReservationCreateResponse {
-        log.info { "[ReservationService.createPendingReservation] Pending 예약 생성 시작: schedule=${request.scheduleId}" }
+        log.info { "[createPendingReservation] Pending 예약 생성 시작: schedule=${request.scheduleId}" }
 
         validateCanCreate(request)
 
         val reservation: ReservationEntity = request.toEntity(id = idGenerator.create(), userId = user.id)
 
         return PendingReservationCreateResponse(reservationRepository.save(reservation).id)
-            .also { log.info { "[ReservationService.createPendingReservation] Pending 예약 생성 완료: reservationId=${it}, schedule=${request.scheduleId}" } }
+            .also { log.info { "[createPendingReservation] Pending 예약 생성 완료: reservationId=${it}, schedule=${request.scheduleId}" } }
     }
 
     @Transactional
     fun confirmReservation(id: Long) {
-        log.info { "[ReservationService.confirmReservation] Pending 예약 확정 시작: reservationId=${id}" }
+        log.info { "[confirmReservation] Pending 예약 확정 시작: reservationId=${id}" }
         val reservation: ReservationEntity = findOrThrow(id)
 
         run {
@@ -63,13 +63,13 @@ class ReservationService(
                 changeStatus = ScheduleStatus.RESERVED
             )
         }.also {
-            log.info { "[ReservationService.confirmReservation] Pending 예약 확정 완료: reservationId=${id}" }
+            log.info { "[confirmReservation] Pending 예약 확정 완료: reservationId=${id}" }
         }
     }
 
     @Transactional
     fun cancelReservation(user: CurrentUserContext, reservationId: Long, request: ReservationCancelRequest) {
-        log.info { "[ReservationService.cancelReservation] 예약 취소 시작: userId=${user.id}, reservationId=${reservationId}" }
+        log.info { "[cancelReservation] 예약 취소 시작: userId=${user.id}, reservationId=${reservationId}" }
 
         val reservation: ReservationEntity = findOrThrow(reservationId)
 
@@ -82,13 +82,13 @@ class ReservationService(
             saveCanceledReservation(user, reservation, request.cancelReason)
             reservation.cancel()
         }.also {
-            log.info { "[ReservationService.cancelReservation] 예약 취소 완료: reservationId=${reservationId}" }
+            log.info { "[cancelReservation] 예약 취소 완료: reservationId=${reservationId}" }
         }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findAllUserReservationOverview(user: CurrentUserContext): ReservationOverviewListResponse {
-        log.info { "[ReservationService.findSummaryByMemberId] 예약 조회 시작: userId=${user.id}" }
+        log.info { "[findSummaryByMemberId] 예약 조회 시작: userId=${user.id}" }
 
         val reservations: List<ReservationEntity> = reservationRepository.findAllByUserIdAndStatusIsIn(
             userId = user.id,
@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@ class ReservationService(
             val schedule: ScheduleOverviewResponse = scheduleService.findScheduleOverviewById(it.scheduleId)
             it.toOverviewResponse(schedule)
         }).also {
-            log.info { "[ReservationService.findSummaryByMemberId] ${it.reservations.size}개의 예약 조회 완료: userId=${user.id}" }
+            log.info { "[findSummaryByMemberId] ${it.reservations.size}개의 예약 조회 완료: userId=${user.id}" }
         }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findDetailById(id: Long): ReservationDetailResponse {
-        log.info { "[ReservationService.findDetailById] 예약 상세 조회 시작: reservationId=${id}" }
+        log.info { "[findDetailById] 예약 상세 조회 시작: reservationId=${id}" }
 
         val reservation: ReservationEntity = findOrThrow(id)
         val user: UserContactResponse = userService.findContactById(reservation.userId)
@@ -115,17 +115,17 @@ class ReservationService(
             user = user,
             payment = paymentDetail
         ).also {
-            log.info { "[ReservationService.findDetailById] 예약 상세 조회 완료: reservationId=${id}" }
+            log.info { "[findDetailById] 예약 상세 조회 완료: reservationId=${id}" }
         }
     }
 
     private fun findOrThrow(id: Long): ReservationEntity {
-        log.info { "[ReservationService.findOrThrow] 예약 조회 시작: reservationId=${id}" }
+        log.info { "[findOrThrow] 예약 조회 시작: reservationId=${id}" }
 
         return reservationRepository.findByIdOrNull(id)
-            ?.also { log.info { "[ReservationService.findOrThrow] 예약 조회 완료: reservationId=${id}" } }
+            ?.also { log.info { "[findOrThrow] 예약 조회 완료: reservationId=${id}" } }
             ?: run {
-                log.warn { "[ReservationService.findOrThrow] 예약 조회 실패: reservationId=${id}" }
+                log.warn { "[findOrThrow] 예약 조회 실패: reservationId=${id}" }
                 throw ReservationException(ReservationErrorCode.RESERVATION_NOT_FOUND)
             }
     }
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ class ReservationService(
         cancelReason: String
     ) {
         if (reservation.userId != user.id) {
-            log.warn { "[ReservationService.createCanceledPayment] 예약자 본인 또는 관리자가 아닌 회원의 취소 요청: reservationId=${reservation.id}, userId=${user.id}" }
+            log.warn { "[createCanceledPayment] 예약자 본인 또는 관리자가 아닌 회원의 취소 요청: reservationId=${reservation.id}, userId=${user.id}" }
             throw ReservationException(ReservationErrorCode.NO_PERMISSION_TO_CANCEL_RESERVATION)
         }
 
@@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ class ReservationService(
             reservationId = reservation.id,
             canceledBy = user.id,
             cancelReason = cancelReason,
-            canceledAt = LocalDateTime.now(),
+            canceledAt = Instant.now(),
             status = CanceledReservationStatus.COMPLETED
         ).also {
             canceledReservationRepository.save(it)
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/business/ReservationValidator.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/business/ReservationValidator.kt
index d8211272..84fea83b 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/business/ReservationValidator.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/business/ReservationValidator.kt
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.business
 
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.exception.ReservationErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.exception.ReservationException
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.web.PendingReservationCreateRequest
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.infrastructure.persistence.ScheduleStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.web.ScheduleSummaryResponse
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.web.ThemeInfoResponse
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/business/scheduler/IncompletedReservationScheduler.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/business/scheduler/IncompletedReservationScheduler.kt
index b15876b1..01edf4ad 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/business/scheduler/IncompletedReservationScheduler.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/business/scheduler/IncompletedReservationScheduler.kt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableScheduling
 import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Scheduled
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ class IncompletedReservationScheduler(
     fun processExpiredHoldSchedule() {
         log.info { "[IncompletedReservationScheduler] 만료 시간이 지난 ${ScheduleStatus.HOLD} 상태의 일정 재활성화 시작" }
 
-        scheduleRepository.releaseExpiredHolds(LocalDateTime.now()).also {
+        scheduleRepository.releaseExpiredHolds(Instant.now()).also {
             log.info { "[IncompletedReservationScheduler] ${it}개의 일정 재활성화 완료" }
         }
     }
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ class IncompletedReservationScheduler(
     fun processExpiredReservation() {
         log.info { "[IncompletedReservationScheduler] 결제되지 않은 예약 만료 처리 시작 " }
 
-        reservationRepository.expirePendingReservations(LocalDateTime.now()).also {
+        reservationRepository.expirePendingReservations(Instant.now()).also {
             log.info { "[IncompletedReservationScheduler] ${it}개의 예약 및 일정 처리 완료" }
         }
     }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/docs/ReservationAPI.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/docs/ReservationAPI.kt
index 2d53eecf..89191484 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/docs/ReservationAPI.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/docs/ReservationAPI.kt
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.docs
 
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.CommonApiResponse
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.CurrentUserContext
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.User
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.UserOnly
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.CurrentUserContext
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.web.*
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.responses.ApiResponse
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/exception/ReservationErrorCode.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/exception/ReservationErrorCode.kt
index 1e0b3829..82158113 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/exception/ReservationErrorCode.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/exception/ReservationErrorCode.kt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.exception
 
-import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.ErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 
 enum class ReservationErrorCode(
     override val httpStatus: HttpStatus,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/infrastructure/persistence/CanceledReservationEntity.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/infrastructure/persistence/CanceledReservationEntity.kt
index 81832831..ab12c7bc 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/infrastructure/persistence/CanceledReservationEntity.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/infrastructure/persistence/CanceledReservationEntity.kt
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import jakarta.persistence.Entity
 import jakarta.persistence.EnumType
 import jakarta.persistence.Enumerated
 import jakarta.persistence.Table
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 
 @Entity
 @Table(name = "canceled_reservation")
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ class CanceledReservationEntity(
     val reservationId: Long,
     val canceledBy: Long,
     val cancelReason: String,
-    val canceledAt: LocalDateTime,
+    val canceledAt: Instant,
 
     @Enumerated(value = EnumType.STRING)
     val status: CanceledReservationStatus,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/infrastructure/persistence/ReservationRepository.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/infrastructure/persistence/ReservationRepository.kt
index 9ef52754..7d1827f9 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/infrastructure/persistence/ReservationRepository.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/infrastructure/persistence/ReservationRepository.kt
@@ -4,14 +4,15 @@ import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query
 import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 
 interface ReservationRepository : JpaRepository<ReservationEntity, Long> {
 
     fun findAllByUserIdAndStatusIsIn(userId: Long, statuses: List<ReservationStatus>): List<ReservationEntity>
 
     @Modifying
-    @Query("""
+    @Query(
+        """
         UPDATE 
             reservation r
         JOIN
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ interface ReservationRepository : JpaRepository<ReservationEntity, Long> {
             s.hold_expired_at = NULL
         WHERE
             r.status = 'PENDING' AND r.created_at <= DATE_SUB(CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, INTERVAL 5 MINUTE)
-    """, nativeQuery = true)
-    fun expirePendingReservations(@Param("now") now: LocalDateTime): Int
+    """, nativeQuery = true
+    )
+    fun expirePendingReservations(@Param("now") now: Instant): Int
 }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/web/ReservationController.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/web/ReservationController.kt
index b218ea2b..1a545826 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/web/ReservationController.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/web/ReservationController.kt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.web
 
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.CommonApiResponse
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.CurrentUserContext
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.User
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.CurrentUserContext
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.business.ReservationService
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.docs.ReservationAPI
 import jakarta.validation.Valid
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/web/ReservationDto.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/web/ReservationDto.kt
index 2349b81b..6a950ff6 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/web/ReservationDto.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/web/ReservationDto.kt
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.web
 
-import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotEmpty
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.web.PaymentWithDetailResponse
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.infrastructure.persistence.ReservationEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.infrastructure.persistence.ReservationStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.web.ScheduleOverviewResponse
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.web.UserContactResponse
+import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotEmpty
+import java.time.Instant
 import java.time.LocalDate
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.time.LocalTime
 
 data class PendingReservationCreateRequest(
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ data class ReservationDetailResponse(
     val id: Long,
     val reserver: ReserverInfo,
     val user: UserContactResponse,
-    val applicationDateTime: LocalDateTime,
+    val applicationDateTime: Instant,
     val payment: PaymentWithDetailResponse?,
 )
 
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/business/ScheduleService.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/business/ScheduleService.kt
index d36ca16d..95be6d49 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/business/ScheduleService.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/business/ScheduleService.kt
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.business
 
 import com.sangdol.common.persistence.IDGenerator
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaDate
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaTime
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.business.AdminService
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.AuditingInfo
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.Auditor
@@ -43,21 +45,23 @@ class ScheduleService(
     // ========================================
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun getStoreScheduleByDate(storeId: Long, date: LocalDate): ScheduleWithThemeListResponse {
-        log.info { "[ScheduleService.getStoreScheduleByDate] 매장 일정 조회: storeId=${storeId}, date=$date" }
-        val currentDate = LocalDate.now()
+        log.info { "[getStoreScheduleByDate] 매장 일정 조회: storeId=${storeId}, date=$date" }
+
+        val currentDate: LocalDate = KoreaDate.today()
+        val currentTime: LocalTime = KoreaTime.now()
 
         if (date.isBefore(currentDate)) {
-            log.warn { "[ScheduleService.getStoreScheduleByDate] 이전 날짜 선택으로 인한 실패: date=${date}" }
+            log.warn { "[getStoreScheduleByDate] 이전 날짜 선택으로 인한 실패: date=${date}" }
             throw ScheduleException(ScheduleErrorCode.PAST_DATE_TIME)
         }
 
         val schedules: List<ScheduleOverview> =
             scheduleRepository.findStoreSchedulesWithThemeByDate(storeId, date)
-                .filter { it.date.isAfter(date) || (it.date.isEqual(date) && it.time.isAfter(LocalTime.now())) }
+                .filter { it.date.isAfter(currentDate) || it.time.isAfter(currentTime) }
 
         return schedules.toResponse()
             .also {
-                log.info { "[ScheduleService.getStoreScheduleByDate] storeId=${storeId}, date=$date 인 ${it.schedules.size}개 일정 조회 완료" }
+                log.info { "[getStoreScheduleByDate] storeId=${storeId}, date=$date 인 ${it.schedules.size}개 일정 조회 완료" }
             }
     }
 
@@ -66,20 +70,20 @@ class ScheduleService(
     // ========================================
     @Transactional
     fun holdSchedule(id: Long) {
-        log.info { "[ScheduleService.holdSchedule] 일정 Holding 시작: id=$id" }
+        log.info { "[holdSchedule] 일정 Holding 시작: id=$id" }
         val result: Int = scheduleRepository.changeStatus(
             id = id,
             currentStatus = ScheduleStatus.AVAILABLE,
             changeStatus = ScheduleStatus.HOLD
         ).also {
-            log.info { "[ScheduleService.holdSchedule] $it 개의 row 변경 완료" }
+            log.info { "[holdSchedule] $it 개의 row 변경 완료" }
         }
 
         if (result == 0) {
             throw ScheduleException(ScheduleErrorCode.SCHEDULE_NOT_AVAILABLE)
         }
 
-        log.info { "[ScheduleService.holdSchedule] 일정 Holding 완료: id=$id" }
+        log.info { "[holdSchedule] 일정 Holding 완료: id=$id" }
     }
 
     // ========================================
@@ -87,9 +91,9 @@ class ScheduleService(
     // ========================================
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun searchSchedules(storeId: Long, date: LocalDate?, themeId: Long?): AdminScheduleSummaryListResponse {
-        log.info { "[ScheduleService.searchSchedules] 일정 검색 시작: storeId=$storeId, date=$date, themeId=$themeId" }
+        log.info { "[searchSchedules] 일정 검색 시작: storeId=$storeId, date=$date, themeId=$themeId" }
 
-        val searchDate = date ?: LocalDate.now()
+        val searchDate = date ?: KoreaDate.today()
 
         val schedules: List<ScheduleOverview> =
             scheduleRepository.findStoreSchedulesWithThemeByDate(storeId, searchDate)
@@ -98,13 +102,13 @@ class ScheduleService(
 
         return schedules.toAdminSummaryListResponse()
             .also {
-                log.info { "[ScheduleService.searchSchedules] ${it.schedules.size} 개의 일정 조회 완료" }
+                log.info { "[searchSchedules] ${it.schedules.size} 개의 일정 조회 완료" }
             }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findScheduleAudit(id: Long): AuditingInfo {
-        log.info { "[ScheduleService.findDetail] 일정 감사 정보 조회 시작: id=$id" }
+        log.info { "[findDetail] 일정 감사 정보 조회 시작: id=$id" }
 
         val schedule: ScheduleEntity = findOrThrow(id)
 
@@ -112,7 +116,7 @@ class ScheduleService(
         val updatedBy: Auditor = adminService.findOperatorOrUnknown(schedule.updatedBy)
 
         return AuditingInfo(schedule.createdAt, createdBy, schedule.updatedAt, updatedBy)
-            .also { log.info { "[ScheduleService.findDetail] 일정 감사 정보 조회 완료: id=$id" } }
+            .also { log.info { "[findDetail] 일정 감사 정보 조회 완료: id=$id" } }
     }
 
     // ========================================
@@ -120,7 +124,7 @@ class ScheduleService(
     // ========================================
     @Transactional
     fun createSchedule(storeId: Long, request: ScheduleCreateRequest): ScheduleCreateResponse {
-        log.info { "[ScheduleService.createSchedule] 일정 생성 시작: storeId=${storeId}, date=${request.date}, time=${request.time}, themeId=${request.themeId}" }
+        log.info { "[createSchedule] 일정 생성 시작: storeId=${storeId}, date=${request.date}, time=${request.time}, themeId=${request.themeId}" }
 
         scheduleValidator.validateCanCreate(storeId, request)
 
@@ -136,16 +140,16 @@ class ScheduleService(
 
         return ScheduleCreateResponse(schedule.id)
             .also {
-                log.info { "[ScheduleService.createSchedule] 일정 생성 완료: id=${it.id}" }
+                log.info { "[createSchedule] 일정 생성 완료: id=${it.id}" }
             }
     }
 
     @Transactional
     fun updateSchedule(id: Long, request: ScheduleUpdateRequest) {
-        log.info { "[ScheduleService.updateSchedule] 일정 수정 시작: id=$id, request=${request}" }
+        log.info { "[updateSchedule] 일정 수정 시작: id=$id, request=${request}" }
 
         if (request.isAllParamsNull()) {
-            log.info { "[ScheduleService.updateSchedule] 일정 변경 사항 없음: id=$id" }
+            log.info { "[updateSchedule] 일정 변경 사항 없음: id=$id" }
             return
         }
 
@@ -154,20 +158,20 @@ class ScheduleService(
         }
 
         schedule.modifyIfNotNull(request.time, request.status).also {
-            log.info { "[ScheduleService.updateSchedule] 일정 수정 완료: id=$id, request=${request}" }
+            log.info { "[updateSchedule] 일정 수정 완료: id=$id, request=${request}" }
         }
     }
 
     @Transactional
     fun deleteSchedule(id: Long) {
-        log.info { "[ScheduleService.deleteSchedule] 일정 삭제 시작: id=$id" }
+        log.info { "[deleteSchedule] 일정 삭제 시작: id=$id" }
 
         val schedule: ScheduleEntity = findOrThrow(id).also {
             scheduleValidator.validateCanDelete(it)
         }
 
         scheduleRepository.delete(schedule).also {
-            log.info { "[ScheduleService.deleteSchedule] 일정 삭제 완료: id=$id" }
+            log.info { "[deleteSchedule] 일정 삭제 완료: id=$id" }
         }
     }
 
@@ -176,24 +180,24 @@ class ScheduleService(
     // ========================================
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findSummaryWithLock(id: Long): ScheduleSummaryResponse {
-        log.info { "[ScheduleService.findDateTimeById] 일정 개요 조회 시작 : id=$id" }
+        log.info { "[findDateTimeById] 일정 개요 조회 시작 : id=$id" }
 
         val schedule: ScheduleEntity = scheduleRepository.findByIdForUpdate(id)
             ?: run {
-                log.warn { "[ScheduleService.updateSchedule] 일정 조회 실패. id=$id" }
+                log.warn { "[updateSchedule] 일정 조회 실패. id=$id" }
                 throw ScheduleException(ScheduleErrorCode.SCHEDULE_NOT_FOUND)
             }
 
         return schedule.toSummaryResponse()
             .also {
-                log.info { "[ScheduleService.findDateTimeById] 일정 개요 조회 완료: id=$id" }
+                log.info { "[findDateTimeById] 일정 개요 조회 완료: id=$id" }
             }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findScheduleOverviewById(id: Long): ScheduleOverviewResponse {
         val overview: ScheduleOverview = scheduleRepository.findOverviewByIdOrNull(id) ?: run {
-            log.warn { "[ScheduleService.findScheduleOverview] 일정 개요 조회 실패: id=$id" }
+            log.warn { "[findScheduleOverview] 일정 개요 조회 실패: id=$id" }
             throw ScheduleException(ScheduleErrorCode.SCHEDULE_NOT_FOUND)
         }
 
@@ -202,10 +206,10 @@ class ScheduleService(
 
     @Transactional
     fun changeStatus(scheduleId: Long, currentStatus: ScheduleStatus, changeStatus: ScheduleStatus) {
-        log.info { "[ScheduleService.reserveSchedule] 일정 상태 변경 시작: id=${scheduleId}, currentStatus=${currentStatus}, changeStatus=${changeStatus}" }
+        log.info { "[reserveSchedule] 일정 상태 변경 시작: id=${scheduleId}, currentStatus=${currentStatus}, changeStatus=${changeStatus}" }
 
         scheduleRepository.changeStatus(scheduleId, currentStatus, changeStatus).also {
-            log.info { "[ScheduleService.reserveSchedule] 일정 상태 변경 완료: id=${scheduleId}, currentStatus=${currentStatus}, changeStatus=${changeStatus}" }
+            log.info { "[reserveSchedule] 일정 상태 변경 완료: id=${scheduleId}, currentStatus=${currentStatus}, changeStatus=${changeStatus}" }
         }
     }
 
@@ -213,12 +217,12 @@ class ScheduleService(
     // Common (공통 메서드)
     // ========================================
     private fun findOrThrow(id: Long): ScheduleEntity {
-        log.info { "[ScheduleService.findOrThrow] 일정 조회 시작: id=$id" }
+        log.info { "[findOrThrow] 일정 조회 시작: id=$id" }
 
         return scheduleRepository.findByIdOrNull(id)
-            ?.also { log.info { "[ScheduleService.findOrThrow] 일정 조회 완료: id=$id" } }
+            ?.also { log.info { "[findOrThrow] 일정 조회 완료: id=$id" } }
             ?: run {
-                log.warn { "[ScheduleService.updateSchedule] 일정 조회 실패. id=$id" }
+                log.warn { "[updateSchedule] 일정 조회 실패. id=$id" }
                 throw ScheduleException(ScheduleErrorCode.SCHEDULE_NOT_FOUND)
             }
     }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/business/ScheduleValidator.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/business/ScheduleValidator.kt
index 4b79cd1b..a9387348 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/business/ScheduleValidator.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/business/ScheduleValidator.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.business
 
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaDateTime
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.exception.ScheduleErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.exception.ScheduleException
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.infrastructure.persistence.ScheduleEntity
@@ -13,6 +14,7 @@ import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
 import java.time.LocalDate
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.time.LocalTime
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
@@ -56,9 +58,10 @@ class ScheduleValidator(
     }
 
     private fun validateNotInPast(date: LocalDate, time: LocalTime) {
-        val dateTime = LocalDateTime.of(date, time)
+        val now = KoreaDateTime.now().truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.MINUTES)
+        val inputDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(date, time).truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.MINUTES)
 
-        if (dateTime.isBefore(LocalDateTime.now())) {
+        if (inputDateTime.isBefore(now)) {
             log.info {
                 "[ScheduleValidator.validateDateTime] 이전 시간 선택으로 인한 실패: date=${date} / time=${time}"
             }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/docs/ScheduleAPI.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/docs/ScheduleAPI.kt
index 9e2c4ea7..dfbd397e 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/docs/ScheduleAPI.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/docs/ScheduleAPI.kt
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.docs
 
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.AuditingInfo
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.CommonApiResponse
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminType
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.Privilege
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.AdminOnly
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.Public
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.support.UserOnly
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.AuditingInfo
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.web.*
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.Operation
 import io.swagger.v3.oas.annotations.responses.ApiResponse
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/exception/ScheduleErrorCode.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/exception/ScheduleErrorCode.kt
index 0194f2fa..fd772285 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/exception/ScheduleErrorCode.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/exception/ScheduleErrorCode.kt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.exception
 
-import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.ErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 
 enum class ScheduleErrorCode(
     override val httpStatus: HttpStatus,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/infrastructure/persistence/ScheduleEntity.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/infrastructure/persistence/ScheduleEntity.kt
index bd6f2a6c..770a4592 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/infrastructure/persistence/ScheduleEntity.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/infrastructure/persistence/ScheduleEntity.kt
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ package com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.infrastructure.persistence
 import com.sangdol.common.persistence.AuditingBaseEntity
 import jakarta.persistence.*
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.domain.support.AuditingEntityListener
+import java.time.Instant
 import java.time.LocalDate
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.time.LocalTime
 
 @Entity
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ class ScheduleEntity(
 
     @Enumerated(value = EnumType.STRING)
     var status: ScheduleStatus,
-    var holdExpiredAt: LocalDateTime? = null
+    var holdExpiredAt: Instant? = null
 ) : AuditingBaseEntity(id) {
     fun modifyIfNotNull(
         time: LocalTime?,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/infrastructure/persistence/ScheduleRepository.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/infrastructure/persistence/ScheduleRepository.kt
index a30fbbed..87a38a58 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/infrastructure/persistence/ScheduleRepository.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/infrastructure/persistence/ScheduleRepository.kt
@@ -7,21 +7,23 @@ import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Lock
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Modifying
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query
 import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param
+import java.time.Instant
 import java.time.LocalDate
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.time.LocalTime
 
 interface ScheduleRepository : JpaRepository<ScheduleEntity, Long> {
 
     @Lock(value = LockModeType.PESSIMISTIC_WRITE)
-    @Query("""
+    @Query(
+        """
         SELECT 
             s
         FROM 
             ScheduleEntity s
         WHERE 
             s._id = :id
-    """)
+    """
+    )
     fun findByIdForUpdate(id: Long): ScheduleEntity?
 
     @Query(
@@ -108,7 +110,7 @@ interface ScheduleRepository : JpaRepository<ScheduleEntity, Long> {
             s.status = :changeStatus,
             s.holdExpiredAt = CASE
                                 WHEN :changeStatus = com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.infrastructure.persistence.ScheduleStatus.HOLD
-                                THEN CURRENT_TIMESTAMP + 5 MINUTE 
+                                THEN :expiredAt 
                                 ELSE NULL 
                               END 
         WHERE 
@@ -117,7 +119,12 @@ interface ScheduleRepository : JpaRepository<ScheduleEntity, Long> {
             s.status = :currentStatus
     """
     )
-    fun changeStatus(id: Long, currentStatus: ScheduleStatus, changeStatus: ScheduleStatus): Int
+    fun changeStatus(
+        id: Long,
+        currentStatus: ScheduleStatus,
+        changeStatus: ScheduleStatus,
+        expiredAt: Instant = Instant.now().plusSeconds(5 * 60)
+    ): Int
 
     @Modifying
     @Query(
@@ -137,5 +144,5 @@ interface ScheduleRepository : JpaRepository<ScheduleEntity, Long> {
             )
         """
     )
-    fun releaseExpiredHolds(@Param("now") now: LocalDateTime): Int
+    fun releaseExpiredHolds(@Param("now") now: Instant): Int
 }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/web/AdminScheduleController.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/web/AdminScheduleController.kt
index 3c7b89d4..54a38e6c 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/web/AdminScheduleController.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/web/AdminScheduleController.kt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.web
 
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.AuditingInfo
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.CommonApiResponse
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.AuditingInfo
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.business.ScheduleService
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.docs.AdminScheduleAPI
 import jakarta.validation.Valid
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/business/StoreService.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/business/StoreService.kt
index 8dd3acc9..4271767f 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/business/StoreService.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/business/StoreService.kt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.store.business
 
 import com.sangdol.common.persistence.IDGenerator
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.AuditingInfo
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.business.AdminService
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.AuditingInfo
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.region.business.RegionService
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.exception.StoreErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.exception.StoreException
@@ -27,19 +27,19 @@ class StoreService(
 ) {
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun getDetail(id: Long): DetailStoreResponse {
-        log.info { "[StoreService.getDetail] 매장 상세 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
+        log.info { "[getDetail] 매장 상세 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
 
         val store: StoreEntity = findOrThrow(id)
         val region = regionService.findRegionInfo(store.regionCode)
         val audit = getAuditInfo(store)
 
         return store.toDetailResponse(region, audit)
-            .also { log.info { "[StoreService.getDetail] 매장 상세 조회 완료: id=${id}" } }
+            .also { log.info { "[getDetail] 매장 상세 조회 완료: id=${id}" } }
     }
 
     @Transactional
     fun register(request: StoreRegisterRequest): StoreRegisterResponse {
-        log.info { "[StoreService.register] 매장 등록 시작: name=${request.name}" }
+        log.info { "[register] 매장 등록 시작: name=${request.name}" }
 
         storeValidator.validateCanRegister(request)
 
@@ -56,37 +56,37 @@ class StoreService(
         }
 
         return StoreRegisterResponse(store.id).also {
-            log.info { "[StoreService.register] 매장 등록 완료: id=${store.id}, name=${request.name}" }
+            log.info { "[register] 매장 등록 완료: id=${store.id}, name=${request.name}" }
         }
     }
 
     @Transactional
     fun update(id: Long, request: StoreUpdateRequest) {
-        log.info { "[StoreService.update] 매장 수정 시작: id=${id}, request=${request}" }
+        log.info { "[update] 매장 수정 시작: id=${id}, request=${request}" }
 
         storeValidator.validateCanUpdate(request)
 
         findOrThrow(id).apply {
             this.modifyIfNotNull(request.name, request.address, request.contact)
         }.also {
-            log.info { "[StoreService.update] 매장 수정 완료: id=${id}" }
+            log.info { "[update] 매장 수정 완료: id=${id}" }
         }
     }
 
     @Transactional
     fun disableById(id: Long) {
-        log.info { "[StoreService.inactive] 매장 비활성화 시작: id=${id}" }
+        log.info { "[inactive] 매장 비활성화 시작: id=${id}" }
 
         findOrThrow(id).apply {
             this.disable()
         }.also {
-            log.info { "[StoreService.inactive] 매장 비활성화 완료: id=${id}" }
+            log.info { "[inactive] 매장 비활성화 완료: id=${id}" }
         }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun getAllActiveStores(sidoCode: String?, sigunguCode: String?): SimpleStoreListResponse {
-        log.info { "[StoreService.getAllActiveStores] 전체 매장 조회 시작" }
+        log.info { "[getAllActiveStores] 전체 매장 조회 시작" }
 
         val regionCode: String? = when {
             sidoCode == null && sigunguCode != null -> throw StoreException(StoreErrorCode.SIDO_CODE_REQUIRED)
@@ -95,21 +95,21 @@ class StoreService(
         }
 
         return storeRepository.findAllActiveStoresByRegion(regionCode).toSimpleListResponse()
-            .also { log.info { "[StoreService.getAllActiveStores] 전체 매장 조회 완료: total=${it.stores.size}" } }
+            .also { log.info { "[getAllActiveStores] 전체 매장 조회 완료: total=${it.stores.size}" } }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findStoreInfo(id: Long): StoreInfoResponse {
-        log.info { "[StoreService.findStoreInfo] 매장 정보 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
+        log.info { "[findStoreInfo] 매장 정보 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
 
         val store: StoreEntity = findOrThrow(id)
 
         return store.toInfoResponse()
-            .also { log.info { "[StoreService.findStoreInfo] 매장 정보 조회 완료: id=${id}" } }
+            .also { log.info { "[findStoreInfo] 매장 정보 조회 완료: id=${id}" } }
     }
 
     private fun getAuditInfo(store: StoreEntity): AuditingInfo {
-        log.info { "[StoreService.getAuditInfo] 감사 정보 조회 시작: storeId=${store.id}" }
+        log.info { "[getAuditInfo] 감사 정보 조회 시작: storeId=${store.id}" }
         val createdBy = adminService.findOperatorOrUnknown(store.createdBy)
         val updatedBy = adminService.findOperatorOrUnknown(store.updatedBy)
 
@@ -119,19 +119,19 @@ class StoreService(
             updatedAt = store.updatedAt,
             updatedBy = updatedBy
         ).also {
-            log.info { "[StoreService.getAuditInfo] 감사 정보 조회 완료: storeId=${store.id}" }
+            log.info { "[getAuditInfo] 감사 정보 조회 완료: storeId=${store.id}" }
         }
     }
 
     private fun findOrThrow(id: Long): StoreEntity {
-        log.info { "[StoreService.findOrThrow] 매장 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
+        log.info { "[findOrThrow] 매장 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
 
         return storeRepository.findActiveStoreById(id)
             ?.also {
-                log.info { "[StoreService.findOrThrow] 매장 조회 완료: id=${id}" }
+                log.info { "[findOrThrow] 매장 조회 완료: id=${id}" }
             }
             ?: run {
-                log.warn { "[StoreService.findOrThrow] 매장 조회 실패: id=${id}" }
+                log.warn { "[findOrThrow] 매장 조회 실패: id=${id}" }
                 throw StoreException(StoreErrorCode.STORE_NOT_FOUND)
             }
     }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/business/StoreValidator.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/business/StoreValidator.kt
index cd1f3f69..65d5708e 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/business/StoreValidator.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/business/StoreValidator.kt
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.store.business
 
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.exception.StoreErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.exception.StoreException
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.infrastructure.persistence.StoreRepository
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.web.StoreRegisterRequest
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.web.StoreUpdateRequest
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/exception/StoreException.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/exception/StoreException.kt
index fad3d383..5e55b3b1 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/exception/StoreException.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/exception/StoreException.kt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.store.exception
 
-import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.ErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.RoomescapeException
+import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 
 class StoreException(
     override val errorCode: StoreErrorCode,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/business/ThemeService.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/business/ThemeService.kt
index 5cf3b4ea..78788a17 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/business/ThemeService.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/business/ThemeService.kt
@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.business
 
 import com.sangdol.common.persistence.IDGenerator
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.AuditingInfo
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaDate
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.business.AdminService
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.AuditingInfo
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.exception.ThemeErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.exception.ThemeException
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.infrastructure.persistence.ThemeEntity
@@ -13,7 +14,6 @@ import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
 import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
 import org.springframework.stereotype.Service
 import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional
-import java.time.LocalDate
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
@@ -36,23 +36,23 @@ class ThemeService(
     // ========================================
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findInfoById(id: Long): ThemeInfoResponse {
-        log.info { "[ThemeService.findById] 테마 조회 시작: id=$id" }
+        log.info { "[findInfoById] 테마 조회 시작: id=$id" }
 
         return findOrThrow(id).toInfoResponse()
-            .also { log.info { "[ThemeService.findById] 테마 조회 완료: id=$id" } }
+            .also { log.info { "[findInfoById] 테마 조회 완료: id=$id" } }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findMostReservedThemeLastWeek(count: Int): ThemeInfoListResponse {
-        log.info { "[ThemeService.findMostReservedThemeLastWeek] 인기 테마 조회 시작: count=$count" }
+        log.info { "[findMostReservedThemeLastWeek] 인기 테마 조회 시작: count=$count" }
 
-        val previousWeekSunday = DateUtils.getSundayOfPreviousWeek(LocalDate.now())
+        val previousWeekSunday = DateUtils.getSundayOfPreviousWeek(KoreaDate.today())
         val previousWeekSaturday = previousWeekSunday.plusDays(6)
 
         return themeRepository.findMostReservedThemeByDateAndCount(previousWeekSunday, previousWeekSaturday, count)
             .toListResponse()
             .also {
-                log.info { "[ThemeService.findMostReservedThemeLastWeek] ${it.themes.size} / $count 개의 인기 테마 조회 완료" }
+                log.info { "[findMostReservedThemeLastWeek] ${it.themes.size} / $count 개의 인기 테마 조회 완료" }
             }
 
     }
@@ -62,16 +62,16 @@ class ThemeService(
     // ========================================
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findAdminThemes(): AdminThemeSummaryListResponse {
-        log.info { "[ThemeService.findAdminThemes] 관리자 페이지에서의 테마 목록 조회 시작" }
+        log.info { "[findAdminThemes] 관리자 페이지에서의 테마 목록 조회 시작" }
 
         return themeRepository.findAll()
             .toAdminThemeSummaryListResponse()
-            .also { log.info { "[ThemeService.findAdminThemes] ${it.themes.size}개 테마 조회 완료" } }
+            .also { log.info { "[findAdminThemes] ${it.themes.size}개 테마 조회 완료" } }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findAdminThemeDetail(id: Long): AdminThemeDetailResponse {
-        log.info { "[ThemeService.findAdminThemeDetail] 관리자 페이지에서의 테마 상세 정보 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
+        log.info { "[findAdminThemeDetail] 관리자 페이지에서의 테마 상세 정보 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
 
         val theme: ThemeEntity = findOrThrow(id)
 
@@ -80,12 +80,12 @@ class ThemeService(
         val audit = AuditingInfo(theme.createdAt, createdBy, theme.updatedAt, updatedBy)
 
         return theme.toAdminThemeDetailResponse(audit)
-            .also { log.info { "[ThemeService.findAdminThemeDetail] 테마 상세 조회 완료: id=$id, name=${theme.name}" } }
+            .also { log.info { "[findAdminThemeDetail] 테마 상세 조회 완료: id=$id, name=${theme.name}" } }
     }
 
     @Transactional
     fun createTheme(request: ThemeCreateRequest): ThemeCreateResponse {
-        log.info { "[ThemeService.createTheme] 테마 생성 시작: name=${request.name}" }
+        log.info { "[createTheme] 테마 생성 시작: name=${request.name}" }
 
         themeValidator.validateCanCreate(request)
 
@@ -93,27 +93,27 @@ class ThemeService(
             .also { themeRepository.save(it) }
 
         return ThemeCreateResponse(theme.id).also {
-            log.info { "[ThemeService.createTheme] 테마 생성 완료: id=${theme.id}, name=${theme.name}" }
+            log.info { "[createTheme] 테마 생성 완료: id=${theme.id}, name=${theme.name}" }
         }
     }
 
     @Transactional
     fun deleteTheme(id: Long) {
-        log.info { "[ThemeService.deleteTheme] 테마 삭제 시작: id=${id}" }
+        log.info { "[deleteTheme] 테마 삭제 시작: id=${id}" }
 
         val theme: ThemeEntity = findOrThrow(id)
 
         themeRepository.delete(theme).also {
-            log.info { "[ThemeService.deleteTheme] 테마 삭제 완료: id=$id, name=${theme.name}" }
+            log.info { "[deleteTheme] 테마 삭제 완료: id=$id, name=${theme.name}" }
         }
     }
 
     @Transactional
     fun updateTheme(id: Long, request: ThemeUpdateRequest) {
-        log.info { "[ThemeService.updateTheme] 테마 수정 시작: id=${id}, request=${request}" }
+        log.info { "[updateTheme] 테마 수정 시작: id=${id}, request=${request}" }
 
         if (request.isAllParamsNull()) {
-            log.info { "[ThemeService.updateTheme] 테마 변경 사항 없음: id=${id}" }
+            log.info { "[updateTheme] 테마 변경 사항 없음: id=${id}" }
             return
         }
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ class ThemeService(
             request.expectedMinutesTo,
             request.isActive,
         ).also {
-            log.info { "[ThemeService.updateTheme] 테마 수정 완료: id=$id, request=${request}" }
+            log.info { "[updateTheme] 테마 수정 완료: id=$id, request=${request}" }
         }
     }
 
@@ -143,12 +143,12 @@ class ThemeService(
     // ========================================
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findActiveThemes(): SimpleActiveThemeListResponse {
-        log.info { "[ThemeService.findActiveThemes] open 상태인 모든 테마 조회 시작" }
+        log.info { "[findActiveThemes] open 상태인 모든 테마 조회 시작" }
 
         return themeRepository.findActiveThemes()
             .toSimpleActiveThemeResponse()
             .also {
-                log.info { "[ThemeService.findActiveThemes] ${it.themes.size}개 테마 조회 완료" }
+                log.info { "[findActiveThemes] ${it.themes.size}개 테마 조회 완료" }
             }
     }
 
@@ -156,12 +156,12 @@ class ThemeService(
     // Common (공통 메서드)
     // ========================================
     private fun findOrThrow(id: Long): ThemeEntity {
-        log.info { "[ThemeService.findOrThrow] 테마 조회 시작: id=$id" }
+        log.info { "[findOrThrow] 테마 조회 시작: id=$id" }
 
         return themeRepository.findByIdOrNull(id)
-            ?.also { log.info { "[ThemeService.findOrThrow] 테마 조회 완료: id=$id" } }
+            ?.also { log.info { "[findOrThrow] 테마 조회 완료: id=$id" } }
             ?: run {
-                log.warn { "[ThemeService.updateTheme] 테마 조회 실패: id=$id" }
+                log.warn { "[updateTheme] 테마 조회 실패: id=$id" }
                 throw ThemeException(ThemeErrorCode.THEME_NOT_FOUND)
             }
     }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/business/ThemeValidator.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/business/ThemeValidator.kt
index 8d5b341f..e8a362f4 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/business/ThemeValidator.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/business/ThemeValidator.kt
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.business
 
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.exception.ThemeErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.exception.ThemeException
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.infrastructure.persistence.ThemeRepository
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.web.ThemeCreateRequest
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.web.ThemeUpdateRequest
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/exception/ThemeErrorCode.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/exception/ThemeErrorCode.kt
index 03673549..11bd9fa4 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/exception/ThemeErrorCode.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/exception/ThemeErrorCode.kt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.exception
 
-import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.ErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 
 enum class ThemeErrorCode(
     override val httpStatus: HttpStatus,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/infrastructure/persistence/ThemeRepository.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/infrastructure/persistence/ThemeRepository.kt
index 644f84b6..cef38dff 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/infrastructure/persistence/ThemeRepository.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/infrastructure/persistence/ThemeRepository.kt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.infrastructure.persistence
 
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.business.domain.ThemeInfo
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.business.domain.ThemeInfo
 import java.time.LocalDate
 
 interface ThemeRepository : JpaRepository<ThemeEntity, Long> {
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/business/UserService.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/business/UserService.kt
index 7aa00234..e84a49ce 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/business/UserService.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/business/UserService.kt
@@ -30,59 +30,59 @@ class UserService(
 ) {
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findContextById(id: Long): CurrentUserContext {
-        log.info { "[UserService.findContextById] 현재 로그인된 회원 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
+        log.info { "[findContextById] 현재 로그인된 회원 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
         val user: UserEntity = findOrThrow(id)
 
         return CurrentUserContext(user.id, user.name)
             .also {
-                log.info { "[UserService.findContextById] 현재 로그인된 회원 조회 완료: id=${id}" }
+                log.info { "[findContextById] 현재 로그인된 회원 조회 완료: id=${id}" }
             }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
     fun findCredentialsByAccount(email: String): UserLoginCredentials {
-        log.info { "[UserService.findCredentialsByAccount] 회원 조회 시작: email=${email}" }
+        log.info { "[findCredentialsByAccount] 회원 조회 시작: email=${email}" }
 
         return userRepository.findByEmail(email)
             ?.let {
-                log.info { "[UserService.findCredentialsByAccount] 회원 조회 완료: id=${it.id}" }
+                log.info { "[findCredentialsByAccount] 회원 조회 완료: id=${it.id}" }
                 it.toCredentials()
             }
             ?: run {
-                log.info { "[UserService.findCredentialsByAccount] 회원 조회 실패" }
+                log.info { "[findCredentialsByAccount] 회원 조회 실패" }
                 throw UserException(UserErrorCode.USER_NOT_FOUND)
             }
     }
 
     @Transactional(readOnly = true)
-    fun findContactById(id: Long) : UserContactResponse {
-        log.info { "[UserService.findContactById] 회원 연락 정보 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
+    fun findContactById(id: Long): UserContactResponse {
+        log.info { "[findContactById] 회원 연락 정보 조회 시작: id=${id}" }
 
         val user = findOrThrow(id)
 
         return UserContactResponse(user.id, user.name, user.phone)
             .also {
-                log.info { "[UserService.findContactById] 회원 연락 정보 조회 완료: id=${id}, name=${it.name}" }
+                log.info { "[findContactById] 회원 연락 정보 조회 완료: id=${id}, name=${it.name}" }
             }
     }
 
     @Transactional
     fun signup(request: UserCreateRequest): UserCreateResponse {
-        log.info { "[UserService.signup] 회원가입 시작: request:$request" }
+        log.info { "[signup] 회원가입 시작: request:$request" }
 
         userValidator.validateCanSignup(request.email, request.phone)
 
         val user: UserEntity = userRepository.save(
             request.toEntity(id = idGenerator.create(), status = UserStatus.ACTIVE)
         ).also {
-            log.info { "[UserService.signup] 회원 저장 완료: id:${it.id}" }
+            log.info { "[signup] 회원 저장 완료: id:${it.id}" }
         }.also {
             createHistory(user = it, reason = SIGNUP)
         }
 
         return UserCreateResponse(user.id, user.name)
             .also {
-                log.info { "[UserService.signup] 회원가입 완료: id:${it.id}" }
+                log.info { "[signup] 회원가입 완료: id:${it.id}" }
             }
     }
 
@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ class UserService(
         return userStatusHistoryRepository.save(
             UserStatusHistoryEntity(id = idGenerator.create(), userId = user.id, reason = reason, status = user.status)
         ).also {
-            log.info { "[UserService.signup] 회원 상태 이력 저장 완료: userStatusHistoryId:${it.id}" }
+            log.info { "[signup] 회원 상태 이력 저장 완료: userStatusHistoryId:${it.id}" }
         }
     }
 }
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/business/UserValidator.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/business/UserValidator.kt
index 400ff17d..ff7a4ec6 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/business/UserValidator.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/business/UserValidator.kt
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.user.business
 
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
-import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
-import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.exception.UserErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.exception.UserException
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.UserRepository
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
+import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
+import org.springframework.stereotype.Component
 
 private val log: KLogger = KotlinLogging.logger {}
 
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/exception/UserException.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/exception/UserException.kt
index 05f4963a..c1d0c589 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/exception/UserException.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/exception/UserException.kt
@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.user.exception
 
-import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.ErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.RoomescapeException
+import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 
 class UserException(
     override val errorCode: UserErrorCode,
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/infrastructure/persistence/UserEntities.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/infrastructure/persistence/UserEntities.kt
index 89d3c1fc..291a4402 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/infrastructure/persistence/UserEntities.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/infrastructure/persistence/UserEntities.kt
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ class UserEntity(
 
     @Enumerated(value = EnumType.STRING)
     var status: UserStatus
-): AuditingBaseEntity(id)
+) : AuditingBaseEntity(id)
 
 @Entity
 @Table(name = "user_status_history")
diff --git a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/web/UserDTO.kt b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/web/UserDTO.kt
index 4e300475..d77e3ba0 100644
--- a/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/web/UserDTO.kt
+++ b/service/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/web/UserDTO.kt
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.user.web
 
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.UserEntity
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.UserStatus
 import jakarta.validation.constraints.Email
 import jakarta.validation.constraints.NotEmpty
 import jakarta.validation.constraints.Pattern
 import jakarta.validation.constraints.Size
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.UserEntity
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.UserStatus
 
 const val MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH = 8
 
diff --git a/service/src/main/resources/application-local.yaml b/service/src/main/resources/application-local.yaml
index 095736d2..101feddf 100644
--- a/service/src/main/resources/application-local.yaml
+++ b/service/src/main/resources/application-local.yaml
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ spring:
       ddl-auto: validate
   datasource:
     hikari:
-      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:23306/roomescape_local
+      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:23306/roomescape_local?useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
       driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
       username: root
       password: init
@@ -42,4 +42,14 @@ jdbc:
 management:
   tracing:
     sampling:
-      probability: 1
+      probability: 1.0
+  otlp:
+    tracing:
+      transport: http
+      endpoint: http://localhost:4318/v1/traces
+
+slow-query:
+  logger-name: local-slow-query-logger
+  log-level: info
+  threshold-ms: 5
+
diff --git a/service/src/main/resources/application.yaml b/service/src/main/resources/application.yaml
index 46a9706c..673b5538 100644
--- a/service/src/main/resources/application.yaml
+++ b/service/src/main/resources/application.yaml
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ server:
   forward-headers-strategy: framework
 
 spring:
+  application:
+    name: roomescape-backend
   profiles:
     active: ${ACTIVE_PROFILE:local}
   jpa:
@@ -21,7 +23,7 @@ management:
       show-details: always
 
 payment:
-  api-base-url: https://api.tosspayments.com
+  api-base-url: ${PAYMENT_SERVER_ENDPOINT:/https://api.tosspayments.com}
 
 springdoc:
   swagger-ui:
diff --git a/service/src/main/resources/logback-deploy.xml b/service/src/main/resources/logback-deploy.xml
index ba0cf7f9..93faa529 100644
--- a/service/src/main/resources/logback-deploy.xml
+++ b/service/src/main/resources/logback-deploy.xml
@@ -6,20 +6,6 @@
     <appender name="CONSOLE_JSON" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
         <encoder class="net.logstash.logback.encoder.LoggingEventCompositeJsonEncoder">
             <providers>
-                <timestamp>
-                    <fieldName>timestamp</fieldName>
-                    <timeZone>UTC</timeZone>
-                </timestamp>
-                <logLevel>
-                    <fieldName>level</fieldName>
-                </logLevel>
-                <loggerName>
-                    <fieldName>logger</fieldName>
-                </loggerName>
-                <threadName>
-                    <fieldName>thread</fieldName>
-                </threadName>
-                <mdc/>
                 <pattern>
                     <pattern>
                         {
@@ -27,6 +13,10 @@
                         }
                     </pattern>
                 </pattern>
+                <loggerName>
+                    <fieldName>logger</fieldName>
+                </loggerName>
+                <mdc/>
                 <stackTrace>
                     <fieldName>stack_trace</fieldName>
                     <throwableConverter class="net.logstash.logback.stacktrace.ShortenedThrowableConverter">
@@ -35,6 +25,16 @@
                         <rootCauseFirst>true</rootCauseFirst>
                     </throwableConverter>
                 </stackTrace>
+                <logLevel>
+                    <fieldName>level</fieldName>
+                </logLevel>
+                <threadName>
+                    <fieldName>thread</fieldName>
+                </threadName>
+                <timestamp>
+                    <fieldName>timestamp</fieldName>
+                    <timeZone>UTC</timeZone>
+                </timestamp>
             </providers>
         </encoder>
     </appender>
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/data/DefaultDataInitializer.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/data/DefaultDataInitializer.kt
index aa1ac10e..6ba28855 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/data/DefaultDataInitializer.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/data/DefaultDataInitializer.kt
@@ -2,35 +2,36 @@ package com.sangdol.data
 
 import com.sangdol.common.persistence.IDGenerator
 import com.sangdol.common.persistence.TransactionExecutionUtil
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaDateTime
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminPermissionLevel
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminType
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.*
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.infrastructure.persistence.ReservationStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.infrastructure.persistence.ScheduleStatus
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.infrastructure.persistence.StoreEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.AdminFixture
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.FunSpecSpringbootTest
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.randomPhoneNumber
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.randomString
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.infrastructure.persistence.Difficulty
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.infrastructure.persistence.ThemeEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.business.SIGNUP
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.UserEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.UserStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.web.UserContactResponse
 import io.kotest.core.test.TestCaseOrder
 import jakarta.persistence.EntityManager
-import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
-import kotlinx.coroutines.coroutineScope
-import kotlinx.coroutines.joinAll
-import kotlinx.coroutines.launch
+import kotlinx.coroutines.*
 import kotlinx.coroutines.sync.Semaphore
 import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
 import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate
 import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles
 import java.sql.Timestamp
+import java.time.Instant
 import java.time.LocalDateTime
 import java.time.LocalTime
-import java.time.OffsetDateTime
+import java.time.ZoneId
 
 @ActiveProfiles("test", "data")
 abstract class AbstractDataInitializer(
@@ -151,22 +152,22 @@ class DefaultDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
                     AdminPermissionLevel.READ_SUMMARY to 3
                 )
 
-                val storeIds: List<Long> = transactionExecutionUtil.withNewTransaction(isReadOnly = true) {
+                val stores: List<StoreEntity> = transactionExecutionUtil.withNewTransaction(isReadOnly = true) {
                     entityManager.createQuery(
-                        "SELECT s.id FROM StoreEntity s",
-                        Long::class.java
+                        "SELECT s FROM StoreEntity s",
+                        StoreEntity::class.java
                     ).resultList
-                }!!.map { it as Long }
+                }!!
 
                 transactionExecutionUtil.withNewTransaction(isReadOnly = false) {
-                    storeIds.forEach { storeId ->
+                    stores.forEach { store ->
                         // StoreManager 1명 생성
                         val storeManager = AdminFixture.create(
-                            account = "$storeId",
+                            account = store.name,
                             name = randomKoreanName(),
                             phone = randomPhoneNumber(),
                             type = AdminType.STORE,
-                            storeId = storeId,
+                            storeId = store.id,
                             permissionLevel = AdminPermissionLevel.FULL_ACCESS
                         ).apply {
                             this.createdBy = superHQAdmin.id
@@ -178,11 +179,11 @@ class DefaultDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
                         storeAdminCountsByPermissionLevel.forEach { (permissionLevel, count) ->
                             repeat(count) { index ->
                                 AdminFixture.create(
-                                    account = randomString(),
+                                    account = "${store.name}-${permissionLevel.ordinal}${index}",
                                     name = randomKoreanName(),
                                     phone = randomPhoneNumber(),
                                     type = AdminType.STORE,
-                                    storeId = storeId,
+                                    storeId = store.id,
                                     permissionLevel = permissionLevel
                                 ).apply {
                                     this.createdBy = storeManager.id
@@ -217,7 +218,7 @@ class DefaultDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
                 val batchArgs = mutableListOf<Array<Any>>()
 
                 repeat(500) { i ->
-                    val randomDay = if (i <= 9) (1..30).random() else (1..365 * 2).random()
+                    val randomDay = if (i <= 9) (7..30).random() else (30..365 * 2).random()
                     val randomCreatedAt: LocalDateTime = LocalDateTime.now().minusDays(randomDay.toLong())
                     val randomThemeName =
                         (1..7).random().let { repeat -> (1..repeat).joinToString("") { randomKoreanName() } }
@@ -323,7 +324,7 @@ class UserDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
                             } while (true)
 
                             user.phone = newPhone
-                            user.updatedAt = LocalDateTime.now()
+                            user.updatedAt = Instant.now()
                             entityManager.merge(user)
                         }
                     }
@@ -417,25 +418,49 @@ class UserDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
 class ScheduleDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
     init {
         context("일정 초기 데이터 생성") {
-            test("테마 생성일 기준으로 다음 3일차, 매일 5개의 일정을 모든 매장에 생성") {
+            test("테마 생성일 기준으로 다음 3일차, 매일 최대 10개의 일정을 모든 매장에 생성") {
                 val stores: List<Pair<Long, Long>> = getStoreWithManagers()
-                val themes: List<Triple<Long, Short, LocalDateTime>> = getThemes()
-                val maxAvailableMinutes = themes.maxOf { it.second.toInt() }
-                val scheduleCountPerDay = 5
-
+                val themes: List<ThemeEntity> = getThemes()
+                val maxScheduleCountPerDay = 10
                 val startTime = LocalTime.of(10, 0)
-                var lastTime = startTime
-                val times = mutableListOf<LocalTime>()
 
-                repeat(scheduleCountPerDay) {
-                    times.add(lastTime)
-                    lastTime = lastTime.plusMinutes(maxAvailableMinutes.toLong() + 10L)
+                val themeWithTimes: Map<ThemeEntity, List<LocalTime>> = themes.associateWith { theme ->
+                    val times = mutableListOf<LocalTime>()
+                    val themeAvailableMinutes = theme.availableMinutes
+                    var lastTime = startTime
+
+                    while (times.size <= maxScheduleCountPerDay && lastTime.hour in (10..23)) {
+                        times.add(lastTime)
+                        lastTime = lastTime.plusMinutes(themeAvailableMinutes + 10L)
+                    }
+
+                    times
                 }
 
                 coroutineScope {
-                    themes.forEach { theme ->
+                    stores.map { store ->
                         launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
-                            processTheme(theme, stores, times)
+                            processTheme(store, themeWithTimes)
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            test("내일 ~ 일주일 뒤 까지의 일정 생성") {
+//                val stores: List<Pair<Long, Long>> = getStoreWithManagers()
+//                val availableThemes: List<ThemeEntity> = transactionExecutionUtil.withNewTransaction(isReadOnly = true) {
+//                    entityManager.createQuery(
+//                        "SELECT t FROM ThemeEntity t WHERE t.isActive = true AND t.createdAt >", ThemeEntity::class.java
+//                    ).resultList
+//                }!!.take(10)
+
+                coroutineScope {
+                    val jobs = (1..100).map { i ->
+                        launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
+                            val threadName = Thread.currentThread().name
+                            println("[$i] 시작: $threadName")
+                            delay(1)
+                            println("[$i] 완료: $threadName")
                         }
                     }
                 }
@@ -444,9 +469,8 @@ class ScheduleDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
     }
 
     private suspend fun processTheme(
-        theme: Triple<Long, Short, LocalDateTime>,
-        stores: List<Pair<Long, Long>>,
-        times: List<LocalTime>
+        store: Pair<Long, Long>,
+        themeWithTimes: Map<ThemeEntity, List<LocalTime>>
     ) {
         val sql = """
             INSERT INTO schedule (
@@ -457,24 +481,33 @@ class ScheduleDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
 
         val batchArgs = mutableListOf<Array<Any>>()
 
-        val now = LocalDateTime.now()
-        stores.forEach { (storeId, adminId) ->
-            (1..3).forEach { dayOffset ->
-                val date = theme.third.toLocalDate().plusDays(dayOffset.toLong())
+        val status = ScheduleStatus.RESERVED.name
+        themeWithTimes.forEach { (theme, times) ->
+            val themeCreatedAt = theme.createdAt
+            (1..3).forEach {
+                val themeCreatedDateTime = themeCreatedAt.atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault())
+                val themeCreatedDate = themeCreatedDateTime.toLocalDate().plusDays(it.toLong())
+                val themeCreatedTime = themeCreatedDateTime.toLocalTime()
 
                 times.forEach { time ->
-                    val scheduledAt = LocalDateTime.of(date, time)
-                    val status =
-                        if (scheduledAt.isAfter(now)) ScheduleStatus.AVAILABLE.name else ScheduleStatus.RESERVED.name
-
+                    val storeId = store.first
+                    val storeAdminId = store.second
                     batchArgs.add(
                         arrayOf(
-                            idGenerator.create(), storeId, theme.first, date, time,
-                            status, adminId, adminId, Timestamp.valueOf(now), Timestamp.valueOf(now)
+                            idGenerator.create(),
+                            storeId,
+                            theme.id,
+                            themeCreatedDate,
+                            time,
+                            status,
+                            storeAdminId,
+                            storeAdminId,
+                            themeCreatedTime.plusHours(1),
+                            themeCreatedTime.plusHours(1)
                         )
                     )
 
-                    if (batchArgs.size >= 500) {
+                    if (batchArgs.size >= 300) {
                         executeBatch(sql, batchArgs).also { batchArgs.clear() }
                     }
                 }
@@ -500,17 +533,13 @@ class ScheduleDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
         }
     }
 
-    private fun getThemes(): List<Triple<Long, Short, LocalDateTime>> {
+    private fun getThemes(): List<ThemeEntity> {
         return transactionExecutionUtil.withNewTransaction(isReadOnly = true) {
             entityManager.createQuery(
-                "SELECT t._id, t.availableMinutes, t.createdAt FROM ThemeEntity t",
-                List::class.java
-            )
-                .resultList
-        }!!.map {
-            val array = it as List<*>
-            Triple(array[0] as Long, array[1] as Short, array[2] as LocalDateTime)
-        }
+                "SELECT t FROM ThemeEntity t",
+                ThemeEntity::class.java
+            ).resultList
+        }!!
     }
 }
 
@@ -528,10 +557,10 @@ class ReservationDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
     init {
         context("예약 초기 데이터 생성") {
             test("${ScheduleStatus.RESERVED}인 모든 일정에 예약을 1개씩 배정한다.") {
-                val chunkSize = 10_000
+                val chunkSize = 500
 
                 val chunkedSchedules: List<List<ScheduleWithThemeParticipants>> = entityManager.createQuery(
-                    "SELECT new com.sangdol.data.ScheduleWithThemeParticipants(s._id, t.minParticipants, t.maxParticipants) FROM ScheduleEntity s JOIN ThemeEntity t ON s.themeId = t.id WHERE s.status = :status",
+                    "SELECT new com.sangdol.roomescape.data.ScheduleWithThemeParticipants(s._id, t.minParticipants, t.maxParticipants) FROM ScheduleEntity s JOIN ThemeEntity t ON s.themeId = t.id WHERE s.status = :status",
                     ScheduleWithThemeParticipants::class.java
                 ).setParameter("status", ScheduleStatus.RESERVED).resultList.chunked(chunkSize)
 
@@ -587,10 +616,6 @@ class ReservationDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
                     user.id,
                 )
             )
-
-            if (batchArgs.size >= 1_000) {
-                executeBatch(sql, batchArgs).also { batchArgs.clear() }
-            }
         }
 
         if (batchArgs.isNotEmpty()) executeBatch(sql, batchArgs).also { batchArgs.clear() }
@@ -613,8 +638,9 @@ data class PaymentWithMethods(
 
 class PaymentDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
     companion object {
-        val requestedAtCache: Timestamp = Timestamp.valueOf(OffsetDateTime.now().toLocalDateTime())
-        val approvedAtCache: Timestamp = Timestamp.valueOf(OffsetDateTime.now().plusSeconds(5).toLocalDateTime())
+        val requestedAtCache: Timestamp = Timestamp.valueOf(KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset().toLocalDateTime())
+        val approvedAtCache: Timestamp =
+            Timestamp.valueOf(KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset().plusSeconds(5).toLocalDateTime())
         val supportedPaymentMethods = listOf(PaymentMethod.TRANSFER, PaymentMethod.EASY_PAY, PaymentMethod.CARD)
         val supportedCardType = listOf(CardType.CREDIT, CardType.CHECK)
 
@@ -671,7 +697,7 @@ class PaymentDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
                 }
 
                 coroutineScope {
-                    allReservations.chunked(10_000).forEach { reservations ->
+                    allReservations.chunked(500).forEach { reservations ->
                         launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
                             processPaymentAndDefaultDetail(reservations)
                         }
@@ -681,12 +707,12 @@ class PaymentDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
 
             test("기존 결제 데이터에 상세 정보(계좌이체, 카드, 간편결제) 데이터를 생성한다.") {
                 val allPayments: List<PaymentWithMethods> = entityManager.createQuery(
-                    "SELECT new com.sangdol.data.PaymentWithMethods(pd._id, p.totalAmount, p.method) FROM PaymentEntity p JOIN PaymentDetailEntity pd ON p._id = pd.paymentId",
+                    "SELECT new com.sangdol.roomescape.data.PaymentWithMethods(pd._id, p.totalAmount, p.method) FROM PaymentEntity p JOIN PaymentDetailEntity pd ON p._id = pd.paymentId",
                     PaymentWithMethods::class.java
                 ).resultList
 
                 coroutineScope {
-                    allPayments.chunked(10_000).forEach { payments ->
+                    allPayments.chunked(500).forEach { payments ->
                         launch(Dispatchers.IO) {
                             processPaymentDetail(payments)
                         }
@@ -731,9 +757,6 @@ class PaymentDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
                     approvedAtCache,
                 )
             )
-            if (paymentBatchArgs.size >= 1_000) {
-                executeBatch(paymentSql, paymentBatchArgs).also { paymentBatchArgs.clear() }
-            }
 
             val suppliedAmount: Int = (totalPrice * 0.9).toInt()
             val vat: Int = (totalPrice - suppliedAmount)
@@ -746,10 +769,6 @@ class PaymentDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
                     vat
                 )
             )
-
-            if (detailBatchArgs.size >= 1_000) {
-                executeBatch(paymentDetailSql, detailBatchArgs).also { detailBatchArgs.clear() }
-            }
         }
 
         if (paymentBatchArgs.isNotEmpty()) {
@@ -780,9 +799,6 @@ class PaymentDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
                             settlementStatus
                         )
                     )
-                    if (transferBatchArgs.size >= 1_000) {
-                        executeBatch(paymentBankTransferDetailSql, transferBatchArgs).also { transferBatchArgs.clear() }
-                    }
                 }
 
                 PaymentMethod.EASY_PAY -> {
@@ -803,10 +819,6 @@ class PaymentDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
                             )
                         )
 
-                        if (cardBatchArgs.size >= 1_000) {
-                            executeBatch(paymentCardDetailSql, cardBatchArgs).also { cardBatchArgs.clear() }
-                        }
-
                     } else {
                         easypayPrepaidBatchArgs.add(
                             arrayOf(
@@ -816,10 +828,6 @@ class PaymentDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
                                 randomDiscountAmount,
                             )
                         )
-
-                        if (easypayPrepaidBatchArgs.size >= 1_000) {
-                            executeBatch(paymentEasypayPrepaidDetailSql, easypayPrepaidBatchArgs).also { easypayPrepaidBatchArgs.clear() }
-                        }
                     }
                 }
 
@@ -839,10 +847,6 @@ class PaymentDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
                             0,
                         )
                     )
-
-                    if (cardBatchArgs.size >= 1_000) {
-                        executeBatch(paymentCardDetailSql, cardBatchArgs).also { cardBatchArgs.clear() }
-                    }
                 }
 
                 else -> return@forEach
@@ -855,7 +859,10 @@ class PaymentDataInitializer : AbstractDataInitializer() {
             executeBatch(paymentCardDetailSql, cardBatchArgs).also { cardBatchArgs.clear() }
         }
         if (easypayPrepaidBatchArgs.isNotEmpty()) {
-            executeBatch(paymentEasypayPrepaidDetailSql, easypayPrepaidBatchArgs).also { easypayPrepaidBatchArgs.clear() }
+            executeBatch(
+                paymentEasypayPrepaidDetailSql,
+                easypayPrepaidBatchArgs
+            ).also { easypayPrepaidBatchArgs.clear() }
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/data/PopulationDataParser.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/data/PopulationDataParser.kt
index 516490ca..784a518e 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/data/PopulationDataParser.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/data/PopulationDataParser.kt
@@ -129,7 +129,12 @@ class StoreDataInitializer {
                     val randomPositiveWord = positiveWords.random()
                     storeName = "${parseSigunguName(region.sigunguName)}${randomPositiveWord}점"
                     address =
-                        "${region.sidoName} ${region.sigunguName} ${randomPositiveWord}${Random.nextInt(1, 10)}길 ${Random.nextInt(1, 100)}"
+                        "${region.sidoName} ${region.sigunguName} ${randomPositiveWord}${
+                            Random.nextInt(
+                                1,
+                                10
+                            )
+                        }길 ${Random.nextInt(1, 100)}"
                 } while (usedStoreName.contains(storeName))
                 usedStoreName.add(storeName)
 
@@ -158,13 +163,17 @@ class StoreDataInitializer {
         }
 
         File("$BASE_DIR/store_data.txt").also {
-            if (it.exists()) { it.delete() }
+            if (it.exists()) {
+                it.delete()
+            }
         }.writeText(
             storeDataRows.joinToString("\n")
         )
 
         return File("$BASE_DIR/store_data.sql").also {
-            if (it.exists()) { it.delete() }
+            if (it.exists()) {
+                it.delete()
+            }
 
             StringBuilder("INSERT INTO store (id, name, address, contact, business_reg_num, region_code, status, created_at, created_by, updated_at, updated_by) VALUES ")
                 .append(storeSqlRows.joinToString(",\n"))
@@ -195,8 +204,7 @@ private fun randomLocalDateTime(): String {
 
     return LocalDateTime.of(year, month, day, hour, minute, second)
         .atZone(ZoneId.systemDefault())
-        .toOffsetDateTime()
-        .format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ssXXX"))
+        .format(DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSSSSS"))
 }
 
 private fun generateBusinessRegNum(): String {
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/AuthApiTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/AuthApiTest.kt
index c69695f1..913bdf30 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/AuthApiTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/AuthApiTest.kt
@@ -1,13 +1,6 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.auth
 
 import com.ninjasquad.springmockk.SpykBean
-import io.kotest.assertions.assertSoftly
-import io.kotest.matchers.collections.shouldHaveSize
-import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
-import io.kotest.matchers.shouldNotBe
-import io.mockk.every
-import io.restassured.response.ValidatableResponse
-import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.exception.AdminErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.business.CLAIM_ADMIN_TYPE_KEY
@@ -24,6 +17,13 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.UserFixture
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.runTest
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.exception.UserErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.UserEntity
+import io.kotest.assertions.assertSoftly
+import io.kotest.matchers.collections.shouldHaveSize
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldNotBe
+import io.mockk.every
+import io.restassured.response.ValidatableResponse
+import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo
 
 class AuthApiTest(
     @SpykBean private val jwtUtils: JwtUtils,
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/FailOnSaveLoginHistoryTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/FailOnSaveLoginHistoryTest.kt
index 16d616f3..fb86ab54 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/FailOnSaveLoginHistoryTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/auth/FailOnSaveLoginHistoryTest.kt
@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.auth
 
 import com.ninjasquad.springmockk.MockkBean
-import io.mockk.clearMocks
-import io.mockk.every
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.infrastructure.persistence.LoginHistoryRepository
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.web.LoginRequest
@@ -11,6 +9,8 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.AdminFixture
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.FunSpecSpringbootTest
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.UserFixture
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.runTest
+import io.mockk.clearMocks
+import io.mockk.every
 
 class FailOnSaveLoginHistoryTest(
     @MockkBean private val loginHistoryRepository: LoginHistoryRepository
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/PaymentAPITest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/PaymentAPITest.kt
index fc5cc0d5..119d3a84 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/PaymentAPITest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/PaymentAPITest.kt
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.payment
 
 import com.ninjasquad.springmockk.MockkBean
-import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
-import io.mockk.every
-import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
-import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.business.PaymentService
@@ -18,6 +14,10 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.persistence.*
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.web.PaymentConfirmRequest
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.web.PaymentCreateResponse
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.*
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.mockk.every
+import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
+import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
 
 class PaymentAPITest(
     @MockkBean
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/PaymentTypeTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/PaymentTypeTest.kt
index 5831bc95..5f3c95ff 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/PaymentTypeTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/PaymentTypeTest.kt
@@ -2,14 +2,7 @@ package com.sangdol.roomescape.payment
 
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.exception.PaymentErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.exception.PaymentException
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.BankCode
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.CardIssuerCode
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.CardOwnerType
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.CardType
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.EasyPayCompanyCode
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.PaymentMethod
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.PaymentStatus
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.PaymentType
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.*
 import io.kotest.assertions.assertSoftly
 import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
 import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/SampleTosspayConstant.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/SampleTosspayConstant.kt
index aa1c8514..d8170312 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/SampleTosspayConstant.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/SampleTosspayConstant.kt
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.payment
 
-import java.time.OffsetDateTime
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaDateTime
 
 object SampleTosspayConstant {
     const val PAYMENT_KEY: String = "5EnNZRJGvaBX7zk2yd8ydw26XvwXkLrx9POLqKQjmAw4b0e1"
@@ -39,8 +39,8 @@ object SampleTosspayConstant {
           "orderName": "Sonya Aguirre 예약 결제",
           "taxExemptionAmount": 0,
           "status": "DONE",
-          "requestedAt": "${OffsetDateTime.now()}",
-          "approvedAt": "${OffsetDateTime.now().plusSeconds(5)}",
+          "requestedAt": "${KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset()}",
+          "approvedAt": "${KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset().plusSeconds(5)}",
           "useEscrow": false,
           "cultureExpense": false,
           "card": {
@@ -102,8 +102,8 @@ object SampleTosspayConstant {
           "orderName": "Sonya Aguirre 예약 결제",
           "taxExemptionAmount": 0,
           "status": "CANCELED",
-          "requestedAt": "${OffsetDateTime.now()}",
-          "approvedAt": "${OffsetDateTime.now().plusSeconds(5)}",
+          "requestedAt": "${KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset()}",
+          "approvedAt": "${KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset().plusSeconds(5)}",
           "useEscrow": false,
           "cultureExpense": false,
           "card": {
@@ -132,7 +132,7 @@ object SampleTosspayConstant {
               "transactionKey": "txrd_a01k4mtgh26vgrn1evbdckyqmdr",
               "cancelReason": "$CANCEL_REASON",
               "taxExemptionAmount": 0,
-              "canceledAt": "${OffsetDateTime.now().plusMinutes(1)}",
+              "canceledAt": "${KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset().plusMinutes(1)}",
               "cardDiscountAmount": 0,
               "transferDiscountAmount": 0,
               "easyPayDiscountAmount": 0,
@@ -181,8 +181,8 @@ object SampleTosspayConstant {
            "orderName": "Sonya Aguirre 예약 결제",
            "taxExemptionAmount": 0,
            "status": "DONE",
-           "requestedAt": "${OffsetDateTime.now()}",
-           "approvedAt": "${OffsetDateTime.now().plusSeconds(5)}",
+           "requestedAt": "${KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset()}",
+           "approvedAt": "${KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset().plusSeconds(5)}",
            "useEscrow": false,
            "cultureExpense": false,
            "card": null,
@@ -230,8 +230,8 @@ object SampleTosspayConstant {
            "orderName": "Sonya Aguirre 예약 결제",
            "taxExemptionAmount": 0,
            "status": "DONE",
-           "requestedAt": "${OffsetDateTime.now()}",
-           "approvedAt": "${OffsetDateTime.now().plusSeconds(5)}",
+           "requestedAt": "${KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset()}",
+           "approvedAt": "${KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset().plusSeconds(5)}",
            "useEscrow": false,
            "cultureExpense": false,
            "card": null,
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ object SampleTosspayConstant {
                "transactionKey": "txrd_a01k4mtgh26vgrn1evbdckyqmdr",
                "cancelReason": "$CANCEL_REASON",
                "taxExemptionAmount": 0,
-               "canceledAt": "${OffsetDateTime.now().plusMinutes(1)}",
+               "canceledAt": "${KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset().plusMinutes(1)}",
                "cardDiscountAmount": 0,
                "transferDiscountAmount": 0,
                "easyPayDiscountAmount": 0,
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/TosspayClientTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/TosspayClientTest.kt
index 1373d22a..6ad61b04 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/TosspayClientTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/payment/TosspayClientTest.kt
@@ -1,6 +1,12 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.payment
 
 import com.ninjasquad.springmockk.MockkBean
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.exception.PaymentErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.exception.PaymentException
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.client.PaymentClientCancelResponse
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.client.PaymentClientConfirmResponse
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.client.TosspayClient
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.PaymentStatus
 import io.kotest.assertions.assertSoftly
 import io.kotest.assertions.throwables.shouldThrow
 import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
@@ -9,19 +15,13 @@ import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired
 import org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.web.client.RestClientTest
 import org.springframework.data.jpa.mapping.JpaMetamodelMappingContext
 import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
+import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus
 import org.springframework.http.MediaType
 import org.springframework.test.web.client.MockRestServiceServer
 import org.springframework.test.web.client.ResponseActions
 import org.springframework.test.web.client.match.MockRestRequestMatchers.*
 import org.springframework.test.web.client.response.MockRestResponseCreators.withStatus
 import org.springframework.test.web.client.response.MockRestResponseCreators.withSuccess
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.exception.PaymentErrorCode
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.exception.PaymentException
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.client.PaymentClientCancelResponse
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.client.PaymentClientConfirmResponse
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.client.TosspayClient
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.PaymentStatus
-import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus
 
 @RestClientTest(TosspayClient::class)
 @MockkBean(JpaMetamodelMappingContext::class)
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/RegionApiFailTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/RegionApiFailTest.kt
index 1621aab9..6b5fabd2 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/RegionApiFailTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/RegionApiFailTest.kt
@@ -1,16 +1,16 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.region
 
 import com.ninjasquad.springmockk.MockkBean
-import io.mockk.every
-import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.region.exception.RegionErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.region.infrastructure.persistence.RegionRepository
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.FunSpecSpringbootTest
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.runExceptionTest
+import io.mockk.every
+import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
 
 class RegionApiFailTest(
     @MockkBean private val regionRepository: RegionRepository
-): FunSpecSpringbootTest() {
+) : FunSpecSpringbootTest() {
     init {
         context("조회 실패") {
             test("시/도") {
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/RegionApiSuccessTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/RegionApiSuccessTest.kt
index cbb3ff83..4d5dbdd1 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/RegionApiSuccessTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/region/RegionApiSuccessTest.kt
@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.region
 
-import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.FunSpecSpringbootTest
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.runTest
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 
-class RegionApiSuccessTest: FunSpecSpringbootTest() {
+class RegionApiSuccessTest : FunSpecSpringbootTest() {
     init {
         context("시/도 -> 시/군/구 -> 지역 코드 순으로 조회한다.") {
             test("정상 응답") {
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/IncompletedReservationSchedulerTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/IncompletedReservationSchedulerTest.kt
index f71a240c..c317525f 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/IncompletedReservationSchedulerTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/IncompletedReservationSchedulerTest.kt
@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ import io.kotest.assertions.assertSoftly
 import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
 import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
+import java.time.temporal.ChronoUnit
 
 /**
  * @see com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.business.scheduler.IncompletedReservationScheduler
@@ -31,7 +32,7 @@ class IncompletedReservationSchedulerTest(
         test("예약이 없고, hold_expired_at 시간이 지난 ${ScheduleStatus.HOLD} 일정을 ${ScheduleStatus.AVAILABLE} 상태로 바꾼다.") {
             val schedule: ScheduleEntity = dummyInitializer.createSchedule().apply {
                 this.status = ScheduleStatus.HOLD
-                this.holdExpiredAt = LocalDateTime.now().minusSeconds(1)
+                this.holdExpiredAt = Instant.now().minusSeconds(1)
             }.also {
                 scheduleRepository.saveAndFlush(it)
             }
@@ -52,16 +53,13 @@ class IncompletedReservationSchedulerTest(
                 jdbcTemplate.execute("UPDATE reservation SET created_at = DATE_SUB(NOW(), INTERVAL 5 MINUTE) WHERE id = ${it.id}")
             }
 
-            val now = LocalDateTime.now()
-
             transactionExecutionUtil.withNewTransaction(isReadOnly = false) {
                 incompletedReservationScheduler.processExpiredReservation()
             }
 
             assertSoftly(reservationRepository.findByIdOrNull(reservation.id)!!) {
                 this.status shouldBe ReservationStatus.EXPIRED
-                this.updatedAt.hour shouldBe now.hour
-                this.updatedAt.minute shouldBe now.minute
+                this.updatedAt.truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.MINUTES) shouldBe Instant.now().truncatedTo(ChronoUnit.MINUTES)
             }
 
             assertSoftly(scheduleRepository.findByIdOrNull(reservation.scheduleId)!!) {
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/ReservationApiTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/ReservationApiTest.kt
index 49b97aee..9d255626 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/ReservationApiTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/ReservationApiTest.kt
@@ -1,13 +1,8 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation
 
-import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
-import io.kotest.matchers.shouldNotBe
-import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo
-import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
-import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
+import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.CommonErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
-import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.CommonErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.BankCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.CardIssuerCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.common.EasyPayCompanyCode
@@ -25,6 +20,11 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.infrastructure.persistence.ScheduleStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.*
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.infrastructure.persistence.ThemeEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.infrastructure.persistence.ThemeRepository
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldNotBe
+import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo
+import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
+import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
 import java.time.LocalDate
 import java.time.LocalTime
 
@@ -574,7 +574,10 @@ class ReservationApiTest(
             expect = {
                 statusCode(HttpStatus.OK.value())
                 assertProperties(props = setOf("id", "reserver", "user", "applicationDateTime", "payment"))
-                assertProperties(props = setOf("name", "contact", "participantCount", "requirement"), propsNameIfList = "reserver")
+                assertProperties(
+                    props = setOf("name", "contact", "participantCount", "requirement"),
+                    propsNameIfList = "reserver"
+                )
                 assertProperties(props = setOf("id", "name", "phone"), propsNameIfList = "user")
             }
         ).also {
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/ReservationConcurrencyTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/ReservationConcurrencyTest.kt
index 111c14e1..75fc7279 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/ReservationConcurrencyTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/reservation/ReservationConcurrencyTest.kt
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import kotlinx.coroutines.withContext
 import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
 import org.springframework.transaction.PlatformTransactionManager
 import org.springframework.transaction.support.TransactionTemplate
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 
 class ReservationConcurrencyTest(
     private val transactionManager: PlatformTransactionManager,
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class ReservationConcurrencyTest(
             val user = testAuthUtil.defaultUserLogin().first
             val schedule = dummyInitializer.createSchedule().also {
                 it.status = ScheduleStatus.HOLD
-                it.holdExpiredAt = LocalDateTime.now().minusMinutes(1)
+                it.holdExpiredAt = Instant.now().minusSeconds(1 * 60)
                 scheduleRepository.save(it)
             }
             lateinit var response: PendingReservationCreateResponse
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/AdminScheduleApiTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/AdminScheduleApiTest.kt
index 1576bbca..a47cca77 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/AdminScheduleApiTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/AdminScheduleApiTest.kt
@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule
 
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.Auditor
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaDate
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaDateTime
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaTime
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminPermissionLevel
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminType
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.common.types.Auditor
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.exception.ScheduleErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.infrastructure.persistence.ScheduleEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.infrastructure.persistence.ScheduleRepository
@@ -54,7 +57,8 @@ class AdminScheduleApiTest(
                 lateinit var token: String
 
                 beforeTest {
-                    val today = LocalDate.now()
+                    val now = KoreaDateTime.now()
+                    val today = now.toLocalDate()
                     store = dummyInitializer.createStore()
                     val admin = AdminFixture.createStoreAdmin(storeId = store.id)
                     token = testAuthUtil.adminLogin(admin).second
@@ -66,21 +70,21 @@ class AdminScheduleApiTest(
                                     storeId = store.id,
                                     request = ScheduleFixture.createRequest.copy(
                                         date = today,
-                                        time = LocalTime.now().plusHours(2)
+                                        time = now.toLocalTime().plusHours(2)
                                     )
                                 ),
                                 dummyInitializer.createSchedule(
                                     storeId = store.id,
                                     request = ScheduleFixture.createRequest.copy(
                                         date = today,
-                                        time = LocalTime.now().plusHours(1)
+                                        time = now.toLocalTime().plusHours(1)
                                     )
                                 ),
                                 dummyInitializer.createSchedule(
                                     storeId = store.id,
                                     request = ScheduleFixture.createRequest.copy(
                                         date = today.plusDays(1),
-                                        time = LocalTime.of(11, 0)
+                                        time = LocalTime.of(10, 0)
                                     )
                                 )
                             )
@@ -95,7 +99,10 @@ class AdminScheduleApiTest(
                         },
                         expect = {
                             statusCode(HttpStatus.OK.value())
-                            body("data.schedules.size()", equalTo(schedules.filter { it.date.isEqual(LocalDate.now()) }.size))
+                            body(
+                                "data.schedules.size()",
+                                equalTo(schedules.filter { it.date.isEqual(KoreaDate.today()) }.size)
+                            )
                             assertProperties(
                                 props = setOf("id", "themeName", "startFrom", "endAt", "status"),
                                 propsNameIfList = "schedules"
@@ -386,8 +393,9 @@ class AdminScheduleApiTest(
 
             test("과거 시간을 선택하면 실패한다.") {
                 val (admin, token) = testAuthUtil.defaultStoreAdminLogin()
-                val date = LocalDate.now()
-                val time = LocalTime.now().minusMinutes(1)
+                val now = KoreaDateTime.now()
+                val date = now.toLocalDate()
+                val time = now.toLocalTime().minusMinutes(1)
                 val theme = dummyInitializer.createTheme()
 
                 val request = ScheduleFixture.createRequest.copy(date = date, time = time, themeId = theme.id)
@@ -490,29 +498,50 @@ class AdminScheduleApiTest(
             }
 
             context("정상 응답") {
-                test("시간만 변경한다.") {
-                    val (admin, token) = testAuthUtil.defaultStoreAdminLogin()
-                    val schedule = initialize("수정을 위한 일정 생성") {
-                        dummyInitializer.createSchedule()
-                    }
-                    val updateTime = schedule.time.plusHours(1)
-
-                    runTest(
-                        token = token,
-                        using = {
-                            body(ScheduleUpdateRequest(time = updateTime))
-                        },
-                        on = {
-                            patch("/admin/schedules/${schedule.id}")
-                        },
-                        expect = {
-                            statusCode(HttpStatus.OK.value())
+                context("시간만 변경한다.") {
+                    test("성공") {
+                        val (admin, token) = testAuthUtil.defaultStoreAdminLogin()
+                        val schedule = initialize("수정을 위한 일정 생성") {
+                            dummyInitializer.createSchedule()
                         }
-                    ).also {
-                        val updated = scheduleRepository.findByIdOrNull(schedule.id)!!
-                        updated.time shouldBe updateTime
-                        updated.status shouldBe schedule.status
-                        updated.updatedAt shouldNotBe schedule.updatedAt
+                        val updateTime = schedule.time.plusHours(1)
+
+                        runTest(
+                            token = token,
+                            using = {
+                                body(ScheduleUpdateRequest(time = updateTime))
+                            },
+                            on = {
+                                patch("/admin/schedules/${schedule.id}")
+                            },
+                            expect = {
+                                statusCode(HttpStatus.OK.value())
+                            }
+                        ).also {
+                            val updated = scheduleRepository.findByIdOrNull(schedule.id)!!
+                            updated.time shouldBe updateTime
+                            updated.status shouldBe schedule.status
+                            updated.updatedAt shouldNotBe schedule.updatedAt
+                        }
+                    }
+
+                    test("지난 시간을 선택하면 실패한다.") {
+                        val (admin, token) = testAuthUtil.defaultStoreAdminLogin()
+                        val schedule = initialize("수정을 위한 일정 생성") {
+                            val request = ScheduleFixture.createRequest.copy(
+                                date = KoreaDate.today(),
+                                time = KoreaTime.now().plusHours(1)
+                            )
+                            dummyInitializer.createSchedule(request = request)
+                        }
+
+                        runExceptionTest(
+                            token = token,
+                            method = HttpMethod.PATCH,
+                            endpoint = "/admin/schedules/${schedule.id}",
+                            requestBody = ScheduleUpdateRequest(time = KoreaTime.now().minusMinutes(1)),
+                            expectedErrorCode = ScheduleErrorCode.PAST_DATE_TIME
+                        )
                     }
                 }
 
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/ScheduleApiTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/ScheduleApiTest.kt
index 96453cff..2ad2c5a6 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/ScheduleApiTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/ScheduleApiTest.kt
@@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule
 
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaDate
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaTime
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminPermissionLevel
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminType
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
@@ -13,16 +15,18 @@ import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo
 import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
 import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
 import java.time.LocalDate
-import java.time.LocalTime
 
 class ScheduleApiTest(
     private val scheduleRepository: ScheduleRepository
 ) : FunSpecSpringbootTest() {
     init {
         context("특정 매장 + 날짜의 일정 및 테마 정보를 조회한다.") {
+            /**
+             * @throws 23시 57분 ~ 59분에 실행하면 실패함.
+             */
             test("날짜가 당일이면 현재 시간 이후의 정보만 조회된다.") {
                 val size = 3
-                val date = LocalDate.now()
+                val date = KoreaDate.today()
                 val store = dummyInitializer.createStore()
 
                 initialize("조회를 위한 오늘 날짜의 현재 시간 이후인 ${size}개의 일정, 현재 시간 이전인 1개의 일정 생성") {
@@ -31,7 +35,7 @@ class ScheduleApiTest(
                             storeId = store.id,
                             request = ScheduleFixture.createRequest.copy(
                                 date = date,
-                                time = LocalTime.now().plusMinutes(i.toLong())
+                                time = KoreaTime.now().plusMinutes(i.toLong())
                             )
                         )
                     }
@@ -40,24 +44,28 @@ class ScheduleApiTest(
                         storeId = store.id,
                         request = ScheduleFixture.createRequest.copy(
                             date = date,
-                            time = LocalTime.now().minusMinutes(1)
+                            time = KoreaTime.now().minusMinutes(1)
                         )
                     )
                 }
 
-                val expectedSize = scheduleRepository.findAll().takeIf { it.isNotEmpty() }
-                    ?.let { it.count { schedule -> schedule.date.isEqual(date) && schedule.time.isAfter(LocalTime.now()) } }
-                    ?: throw AssertionError("initialize 작업에서 레코드가 저장되지 않음.")
-
                 runTest(
                     on = {
                         get("/stores/${store.id}/schedules?date=${date}")
                     },
                     expect = {
                         statusCode(HttpStatus.OK.value())
-                        body("data.schedules.size()", equalTo(expectedSize))
+                        body("data.schedules.size()", equalTo(size))
                         assertProperties(
-                            props = setOf("id", "startFrom", "endAt", "themeId", "themeName", "themeDifficulty", "status"),
+                            props = setOf(
+                                "id",
+                                "startFrom",
+                                "endAt",
+                                "themeId",
+                                "themeName",
+                                "themeDifficulty",
+                                "status"
+                            ),
                             propsNameIfList = "schedules"
                         )
                     }
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/ScheduleConcurrencyTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/ScheduleConcurrencyTest.kt
index c237d11e..d447729c 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/ScheduleConcurrencyTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/schedule/ScheduleConcurrencyTest.kt
@@ -7,8 +7,6 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.infrastructure.persistence.ScheduleStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.FunSpecSpringbootTest
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.runTest
 import io.kotest.assertions.assertSoftly
-import io.kotest.matchers.collections.shouldContainExactly
-import io.kotest.matchers.collections.shouldContainExactlyInAnyOrder
 import io.kotest.matchers.nulls.shouldNotBeNull
 import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import kotlinx.coroutines.Dispatchers
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/AdminStoreApiTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/AdminStoreApiTest.kt
index 8e74c6a4..9b1f77a8 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/AdminStoreApiTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/AdminStoreApiTest.kt
@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.store
 
-import io.kotest.assertions.assertSoftly
-import io.kotest.matchers.date.shouldBeAfter
-import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
-import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
-import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminPermissionLevel
@@ -16,6 +11,11 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.infrastructure.persistence.StoreRepository
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.infrastructure.persistence.StoreStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.web.StoreUpdateRequest
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.*
+import io.kotest.assertions.assertSoftly
+import io.kotest.matchers.date.shouldBeAfter
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
+import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
 
 class AdminStoreApiTest(
     private val storeRepository: StoreRepository,
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/StoreApiTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/StoreApiTest.kt
index d8af0c5f..79839aa1 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/StoreApiTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/store/StoreApiTest.kt
@@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.store
 
-import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo
-import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.exception.StoreErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.infrastructure.persistence.StoreEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.*
+import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo
+import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
 
-class StoreApiTest: FunSpecSpringbootTest() {
+class StoreApiTest : FunSpecSpringbootTest() {
 
     init {
         context("모든 매장의 id / 이름을 조회한다.") {
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/DummyInitializer.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/DummyInitializer.kt
index f1252bc3..3e71288a 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/DummyInitializer.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/DummyInitializer.kt
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.web.ThemeCreateRequest
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.web.toEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.UserEntity
 import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
-import java.time.LocalDateTime
+import java.time.Instant
 
 class DummyInitializer(
     private val storeRepository: StoreRepository,
@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ class DummyInitializer(
         return paymentWriter.cancel(
             userId,
             payment,
-            requestedAt = LocalDateTime.now(),
+            requestedAt = Instant.now(),
             clientCancelResponse
         )
     }
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/Fixtures.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/Fixtures.kt
index bf59d52b..27ef1215 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/Fixtures.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/Fixtures.kt
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package com.sangdol.roomescape.supports
 
 import com.github.f4b6a3.tsid.TsidFactory
 import com.sangdol.common.persistence.TsidIDGenerator
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaDateTime
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminPermissionLevel
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminType
@@ -25,7 +26,6 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.web.MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.web.UserCreateRequest
 import java.time.LocalDate
 import java.time.LocalTime
-import java.time.OffsetDateTime
 
 const val INVALID_PK: Long = 9999L
 val IDGenerator = TsidIDGenerator(TsidFactory(0))
@@ -297,8 +297,8 @@ object PaymentFixture {
         card = cardDetail,
         easyPay = easyPayDetail,
         transfer = transferDetail,
-        requestedAt = OffsetDateTime.now(),
-        approvedAt = OffsetDateTime.now().plusSeconds(5)
+        requestedAt = KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset(),
+        approvedAt = KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset().plusSeconds(5)
     )
 
     fun cancelResponse(
@@ -314,7 +314,7 @@ object PaymentFixture {
             cardDiscountAmount = cardDiscountAmount,
             transferDiscountAmount = transferDiscountAmount,
             easyPayDiscountAmount = easypayDiscountAmount,
-            canceledAt = OffsetDateTime.now().plusSeconds(5),
+            canceledAt = KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset().plusSeconds(5),
             cancelReason = cancelReason
         ),
     )
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/KotestConfig.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/KotestConfig.kt
index fbbe81b0..a9eae9bf 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/KotestConfig.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/KotestConfig.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,13 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.supports
 
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminRepository
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.business.PaymentWriter
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.persistence.PaymentRepository
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.infrastructure.persistence.ReservationRepository
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.infrastructure.persistence.ScheduleRepository
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.infrastructure.persistence.StoreRepository
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.infrastructure.persistence.ThemeRepository
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.UserRepository
 import io.kotest.core.config.AbstractProjectConfig
 import io.kotest.core.spec.Spec
 import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
@@ -13,17 +21,15 @@ import org.springframework.boot.test.web.server.LocalServerPort
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean
 import org.springframework.context.annotation.Import
 import org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminRepository
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.business.PaymentWriter
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.payment.infrastructure.persistence.PaymentRepository
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.reservation.infrastructure.persistence.ReservationRepository
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.schedule.infrastructure.persistence.ScheduleRepository
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.infrastructure.persistence.StoreRepository
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.infrastructure.persistence.ThemeRepository
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.UserRepository
+import java.util.*
 
 object KotestConfig : AbstractProjectConfig() {
     override fun extensions(): List<SpringTestExtension> = listOf(SpringExtension)
+    override suspend fun beforeProject() {
+        super.beforeProject()
+        System.setProperty("user.timezone", "UTC")
+        TimeZone.setDefault(TimeZone.getTimeZone("UTC"))
+    }
 }
 
 @Import(TestConfig::class)
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/RestAssuredUtils.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/RestAssuredUtils.kt
index af53b62e..62155a0a 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/RestAssuredUtils.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/RestAssuredUtils.kt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.supports
 
-import com.sangdol.common.web.config.JacksonConfig
 import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.ErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.common.web.config.JacksonConfig
 import io.restassured.module.kotlin.extensions.Given
 import io.restassured.module.kotlin.extensions.Then
 import io.restassured.module.kotlin.extensions.When
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/TestAuthUtil.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/TestAuthUtil.kt
index a3340a19..90f111c4 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/TestAuthUtil.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/TestAuthUtil.kt
@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.supports
 
-import io.restassured.module.kotlin.extensions.Extract
-import io.restassured.module.kotlin.extensions.Given
-import io.restassured.module.kotlin.extensions.Then
-import io.restassured.module.kotlin.extensions.When
-import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
-import org.springframework.http.MediaType
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminRepository
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminType
@@ -16,6 +10,12 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.store.infrastructure.persistence.StoreRepository
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.UserEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.UserRepository
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.web.UserCreateRequest
+import io.restassured.module.kotlin.extensions.Extract
+import io.restassured.module.kotlin.extensions.Given
+import io.restassured.module.kotlin.extensions.Then
+import io.restassured.module.kotlin.extensions.When
+import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
+import org.springframework.http.MediaType
 
 class TestAuthUtil(
     private val userRepository: UserRepository,
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ class TestAuthUtil(
         }
     }
 
-    fun signup(request: UserCreateRequest): UserEntity  {
+    fun signup(request: UserCreateRequest): UserEntity {
         println("[TestAuthUtil] 회원가입 시작: $request")
         val userId: Long = Given {
             contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE)
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/TestDatabaseUtil.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/TestDatabaseUtil.kt
index 74f9285e..48e0b510 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/TestDatabaseUtil.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/TestDatabaseUtil.kt
@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ class TestDatabaseUtil(
     }
 
     fun initializeRegion() {
-            jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("SELECT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM region LIMIT 1)", Boolean::class.java)!!.also { isRegionTableEmpty ->
+        jdbcTemplate.queryForObject("SELECT EXISTS (SELECT 1 FROM region LIMIT 1)", Boolean::class.java)!!
+            .also { isRegionTableEmpty ->
                 if (!isRegionTableEmpty) {
                     this::class.java.getResource("/schema/region-data.sql")?.readText()?.let { regionInsertSql ->
                         jdbcTemplate.execute(regionInsertSql)
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ enum class CleanerMode {
     ALL
 }
 
-class DatabaseCleanerExtension: BeforeSpecListener, AfterTestListener, AfterSpecListener {
+class DatabaseCleanerExtension : BeforeSpecListener, AfterTestListener, AfterSpecListener {
 
     override suspend fun beforeSpec(spec: Spec) {
         super.beforeSpec(spec)
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/TestUtil.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/TestUtil.kt
index 0e262845..e0976c93 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/TestUtil.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/supports/TestUtil.kt
@@ -12,8 +12,8 @@ inline fun <T> initialize(name: String, block: () -> T): T {
 
 fun randomPhoneNumber(): String {
     val prefix = "010"
-    val middle = (1..4).map {  (0..9).random() }.joinToString("")
-    val last = (1..4).map {  (0..9).random() }.joinToString("")
+    val middle = (1..4).map { (0..9).random() }.joinToString("")
+    val last = (1..4).map { (0..9).random() }.joinToString("")
 
     return "$prefix$middle$last"
 }
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/AdminThemeApiTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/AdminThemeApiTest.kt
index de15aa00..f70cbecf 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/AdminThemeApiTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/AdminThemeApiTest.kt
@@ -1,10 +1,5 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.theme
 
-import io.kotest.matchers.nulls.shouldNotBeNull
-import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
-import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo
-import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
-import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminPermissionLevel
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.admin.infrastructure.persistence.AdminType
@@ -18,6 +13,11 @@ import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.exception.ThemeErrorCode
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.infrastructure.persistence.ThemeEntity
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.infrastructure.persistence.ThemeRepository
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.web.ThemeUpdateRequest
+import io.kotest.matchers.nulls.shouldNotBeNull
+import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
+import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo
+import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
+import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
 
 class AdminThemeApiTest(
     private val themeRepository: ThemeRepository
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/DateUtilsTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/DateUtilsTest.kt
index b17b6620..8aa1a215 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/DateUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/DateUtilsTest.kt
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ class DateUtilsTest : StringSpec({
     "입력된 날짜의 이전 주 일요일을 찾는다." {
         val expected = LocalDate.of(2025, 8, 31)
 
-        for (i in 7..13){
+        for (i in 7..13) {
             DateUtils.getSundayOfPreviousWeek(LocalDate.of(2025, 9, i)) shouldBe expected
         }
     }
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/ThemeApiTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/ThemeApiTest.kt
index f589b380..b99987d4 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/ThemeApiTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/theme/ThemeApiTest.kt
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.theme
 
 import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaDate
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.*
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.business.DateUtils
 import com.sangdol.roomescape.theme.exception.ThemeErrorCode
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ class ThemeApiTest(
                 user = user,
                 storeId = store.id,
                 scheduleRequest = ScheduleFixture.createRequest.copy(
-                    date = DateUtils.getSundayOfPreviousWeek(LocalDate.now()).plusDays(it),
+                    date = DateUtils.getSundayOfPreviousWeek(KoreaDate.today()).plusDays(it),
                     themeId = themeIds[0],
                 )
             )
@@ -100,7 +101,7 @@ class ThemeApiTest(
             user = user,
             storeId = store.id,
             scheduleRequest = ScheduleFixture.createRequest.copy(
-                date = DateUtils.getSundayOfPreviousWeek(LocalDate.now()),
+                date = DateUtils.getSundayOfPreviousWeek(KoreaDate.today()),
                 themeId = themeIds[1],
             )
         )
@@ -111,7 +112,7 @@ class ThemeApiTest(
                 user = user,
                 storeId = store.id,
                 scheduleRequest = ScheduleFixture.createRequest.copy(
-                    date = DateUtils.getSundayOfPreviousWeek(LocalDate.now()).plusDays(it),
+                    date = DateUtils.getSundayOfPreviousWeek(KoreaDate.today()).plusDays(it),
                     themeId = themeIds[2],
                 )
             )
@@ -123,7 +124,7 @@ class ThemeApiTest(
                 user = user,
                 storeId = store.id,
                 scheduleRequest = ScheduleFixture.createRequest.copy(
-                    date = DateUtils.getSundayOfPreviousWeek(LocalDate.now()).plusDays(it),
+                    date = DateUtils.getSundayOfPreviousWeek(KoreaDate.today()).plusDays(it),
                     themeId = themeIds[3],
                 )
             )
diff --git a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/UserApiTest.kt b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/UserApiTest.kt
index db98d5d3..108152a6 100644
--- a/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/UserApiTest.kt
+++ b/service/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/roomescape/user/UserApiTest.kt
@@ -1,6 +1,19 @@
 package com.sangdol.roomescape.user
 
 import com.ninjasquad.springmockk.SpykBean
+import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.CommonErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.infrastructure.jwt.JwtUtils
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.FunSpecSpringbootTest
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.UserFixture
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.runExceptionTest
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.runTest
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.business.SIGNUP
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.exception.UserErrorCode
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.*
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.web.MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH
+import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.web.UserCreateRequest
 import io.kotest.assertions.assertSoftly
 import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
 import io.mockk.every
@@ -11,20 +24,7 @@ import io.restassured.module.kotlin.extensions.When
 import org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.equalTo
 import org.springframework.data.repository.findByIdOrNull
 import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod
-import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import org.springframework.http.MediaType
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.auth.infrastructure.jwt.JwtUtils
-import com.sangdol.common.types.exception.CommonErrorCode
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.FunSpecSpringbootTest
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.UserFixture
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.runExceptionTest
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.supports.runTest
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.business.SIGNUP
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.exception.UserErrorCode
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.infrastructure.persistence.*
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.web.MIN_PASSWORD_LENGTH
-import com.sangdol.roomescape.user.web.UserCreateRequest
 
 class UserApiTest(
     private val userRepository: UserRepository,
diff --git a/service/src/test/resources/application-test.yaml b/service/src/test/resources/application-test.yaml
index ae8ee583..c4e369dc 100644
--- a/service/src/test/resources/application-test.yaml
+++ b/service/src/test/resources/application-test.yaml
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ spring:
       ddl-auto: validate
   datasource:
     hikari:
-      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:23306/roomescape_local
+      jdbc-url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:23306/roomescape_local?useLegacyDatetimeCode=false&serverTimezone=UTC
       driver-class-name: com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
       username: root
       password: init
@@ -44,4 +44,9 @@ jdbc:
 management:
   tracing:
     sampling:
-      probability: 1
\ No newline at end of file
+      probability: 1
+
+slow-query:
+  logger-name: test-slow-query-logger
+  log-level: info
+  threshold-ms: 5
diff --git a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/TosspayService.kt b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/TosspayService.kt
index 4aa64069..f08b55b9 100644
--- a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/TosspayService.kt
+++ b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/TosspayService.kt
@@ -23,18 +23,18 @@ class TosspayService(
 ) {
 
     fun confirm(request: PaymentConfirmRequest): PaymentResponse {
-        log.info { "[TosspayService.confirm] 결제 확정 시작: paymentKey=${request.paymentKey}, amount=${request.amount}" }
+        log.info { "[confirm] 결제 확정 시작: paymentKey=${request.paymentKey}, amount=${request.amount}" }
 
         val payment = choosePayment(request).also { saveAmount(request.paymentKey, it) }
 
         return payment.toResponse()
             .also {
-                log.info { "[TosspayService.confirm] 결제 확정 완료: paymentKey=${request.paymentKey}, amount=${request.amount}" }
+                log.info { "[confirm] 결제 확정 완료: paymentKey=${request.paymentKey}, amount=${request.amount}" }
             }
     }
 
     fun cancel(paymentKey: String, request: PaymentCancelRequest): PaymentResponse {
-        log.info { "[TosspayService.cancel] 결제 취소 시작: paymentKey=${paymentKey}" }
+        log.info { "[cancel] 결제 취소 시작: paymentKey=${paymentKey}" }
 
         val orderAmount = orderAmountRepository.findByPaymentKey(paymentKey)
             ?: throw TosspayException(TosspayCancelErrorCode.NOT_FOUND_PAYMENT)
@@ -50,12 +50,12 @@ class TosspayService(
         return Payment.randomForCancellation(paymentKey, cancellation)
             .toResponse()
             .also {
-                log.info { "[TosspayService.cancel] 결제 취소 완료: paymentKey=${paymentKey}" }
+                log.info { "[cancel] 결제 취소 완료: paymentKey=${paymentKey}" }
             }
     }
 
     private fun choosePayment(request: PaymentConfirmRequest): Payment {
-        log.info { "[TosspayService.choosePayment] 랜덤 결제 정보 생성 시작: paymentKey=${request.paymentKey}, amount=${request.amount}" }
+        log.info { "[choosePayment] 랜덤 결제 정보 생성 시작: paymentKey=${request.paymentKey}, amount=${request.amount}" }
         val randomValue = Math.random()
 
         // 70%는 간편결제에 배정
diff --git a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/domain/Payment.kt b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/domain/Payment.kt
index 004b66c6..0f581fe9 100644
--- a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/domain/Payment.kt
+++ b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/domain/Payment.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.sangdol.tosspaymock.business.domain
 
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaDateTime
 import com.sangdol.tosspaymock.business.domain.cancel.Cancellation
 import com.sangdol.tosspaymock.business.domain.card.Card
 import com.sangdol.tosspaymock.business.domain.easypay.Easypay
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ class Payment(
     val version: String = "2022-11-16",
     val metadata: String? = null
 ) {
-    companion object  {
+    companion object {
         fun randomWithCard(
             paymentKey: String,
             orderId: String,
@@ -128,7 +129,7 @@ class Payment(
             return create(
                 paymentKey = paymentKey,
                 orderId = "orderId",
-                requestedAt = OffsetDateTime.now(),
+                requestedAt = KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset(),
                 amount = cancellation.cancelAmount,
                 card = null,
                 easyPay = null,
@@ -165,7 +166,7 @@ class Payment(
                 orderId = orderId,
                 orderName = "테스트 결제",
                 requestedAt = requestedAt,
-                approvedAt = OffsetDateTime.now(),
+                approvedAt = KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset(),
                 card = card,
                 easyPay = easyPay,
                 transfer = bankTransfer,
@@ -178,7 +179,6 @@ class Payment(
         }
     }
 
-
     fun toResponse() = PaymentResponse(
         mid = this.mid,
         lastTransactionKey = this.lastTransactionKey,
diff --git a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/domain/cancel/Cancellation.kt b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/domain/cancel/Cancellation.kt
index edd2e389..a237ec89 100644
--- a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/domain/cancel/Cancellation.kt
+++ b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/domain/cancel/Cancellation.kt
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 package com.sangdol.tosspaymock.business.domain.cancel
 
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaDateTime
 import com.sangdol.tosspaymock.business.domain.RandomPaymentValueGenerator
 import com.sangdol.tosspaymock.web.dto.CancelResponse
 import java.time.OffsetDateTime
@@ -29,7 +30,7 @@ class Cancellation(
         ) = Cancellation(
             transactionKey = RandomPaymentValueGenerator.transactionKey(),
             cancelReason = cancelReason,
-            canceledAt = OffsetDateTime.now(),
+            canceledAt = KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset(),
             cardDiscountAmount = cardDiscountAmount,
             transferDiscountAmount = transferDiscountAmount,
             easyPayDiscountAmount = easyPayDiscountAmount,
diff --git a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/domain/card/Card.kt b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/domain/card/Card.kt
index 4bb0956b..0aee6e79 100644
--- a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/domain/card/Card.kt
+++ b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/business/domain/card/Card.kt
@@ -38,7 +38,6 @@ class Card(
         }
     }
 
-
     fun toResponse() = CardResponse(
         issuerCode = this.issuerCode.code,
         acquirerCode = this.acquirerCode.code,
diff --git a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/exception/code/TosspayCancelErrorCode.kt b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/exception/code/TosspayCancelErrorCode.kt
index ed1fb31d..384486a4 100644
--- a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/exception/code/TosspayCancelErrorCode.kt
+++ b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/exception/code/TosspayCancelErrorCode.kt
@@ -25,14 +25,26 @@ enum class TosspayCancelErrorCode(
     NOT_CANCELABLE_PAYMENT(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "CO016", "취소 할 수 없는 결제 입니다."),
     EXCEED_MAX_REFUND_DUE(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "CO017", "환불 가능한 기간이 지났습니다."),
     NOT_ALLOWED_PARTIAL_REFUND_WAITING_DEPOSIT(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "CO018", "입금 대기중인 결제는 부분 환불이 불가합니다."),
-    NOT_ALLOWED_PARTIAL_REFUND(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "CO019", "에스크로 주문, 현금 카드 결제일 때는 부분 환불이 불가합니다. 이외 다른 결제 수단에서 부분 취소가 되지 않을 때는 토스페이먼츠에 문의해 주세요."),
+    NOT_ALLOWED_PARTIAL_REFUND(
+        HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN,
+        "CO019",
+        "에스크로 주문, 현금 카드 결제일 때는 부분 환불이 불가합니다. 이외 다른 결제 수단에서 부분 취소가 되지 않을 때는 토스페이먼츠에 문의해 주세요."
+    ),
     NOT_AVAILABLE_BANK(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "CO020", "은행 서비스 시간이 아닙니다."),
     INCORRECT_BASIC_AUTH_FORMAT(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "CO021", "잘못된 요청입니다. ':' 를 포함해 인코딩해주세요."),
     NOT_CANCELABLE_PAYMENT_FOR_DORMANT_USER(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "CO022", "휴면 처리된 회원의 결제는 취소할 수 없습니다."),
     NOT_FOUND_PAYMENT(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "CO023", "존재하지 않는 결제 정보 입니다."),
-    FAILED_INTERNAL_SYSTEM_PROCESSING(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "CO024", "내부 시스템 처리 작업이 실패했습니다. 잠시 후 다시 시도해주세요."),
+    FAILED_INTERNAL_SYSTEM_PROCESSING(
+        HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+        "CO024",
+        "내부 시스템 처리 작업이 실패했습니다. 잠시 후 다시 시도해주세요."
+    ),
     FAILED_REFUND_PROCESS(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "CO025", "은행 응답시간 지연이나 일시적인 오류로 환불요청에 실패했습니다."),
-    FAILED_METHOD_HANDLING_CANCEL(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "CO026", "취소 중 결제 시 사용한 결제 수단 처리과정에서 일시적인 오류가 발생했습니다."),
+    FAILED_METHOD_HANDLING_CANCEL(
+        HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+        "CO026",
+        "취소 중 결제 시 사용한 결제 수단 처리과정에서 일시적인 오류가 발생했습니다."
+    ),
     FAILED_PARTIAL_REFUND(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "CO027", "은행 점검, 해약 계좌 등의 사유로 부분 환불이 실패했습니다."),
     COMMON_ERROR(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "CO028", "일시적인 오류가 발생했습니다. 잠시 후 다시 시도해주세요."),
     FAILED_PAYMENT_INTERNAL_SYSTEM_PROCESSING(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "CO029", "결제가 완료되지 않았어요. 다시 시도해주세요.");
diff --git a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/exception/code/TosspayConfirmErrorCode.kt b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/exception/code/TosspayConfirmErrorCode.kt
index 253f8852..d04f2941 100644
--- a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/exception/code/TosspayConfirmErrorCode.kt
+++ b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/exception/code/TosspayConfirmErrorCode.kt
@@ -25,9 +25,17 @@ enum class TosspayConfirmErrorCode(
     NOT_FOUND_TERMINAL_ID(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "CO016", "단말기번호(Terminal Id)가 없습니다. 토스페이먼츠로 문의 바랍니다."),
     INVALID_AUTHORIZE_AUTH(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "CO017", "유효하지 않은 인증 방식입니다."),
     INVALID_CARD_LOST_OR_STOLEN(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "CO018", "분실 혹은 도난 카드입니다."),
-    RESTRICTED_TRANSFER_ACCOUNT(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "CO019", "계좌는 등록 후 12시간 뒤부터 결제할 수 있습니다. 관련 정책은 해당 은행으로 문의해주세요."),
+    RESTRICTED_TRANSFER_ACCOUNT(
+        HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
+        "CO019",
+        "계좌는 등록 후 12시간 뒤부터 결제할 수 있습니다. 관련 정책은 해당 은행으로 문의해주세요."
+    ),
     INVALID_CARD_NUMBER(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "CO020", "카드번호를 다시 확인해주세요."),
-    INVALID_UNREGISTERED_SUBMALL(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "CO021", "등록되지 않은 서브몰입니다. 서브몰이 없는 가맹점이라면 안심클릭이나 ISP 결제가 필요합니다."),
+    INVALID_UNREGISTERED_SUBMALL(
+        HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST,
+        "CO021",
+        "등록되지 않은 서브몰입니다. 서브몰이 없는 가맹점이라면 안심클릭이나 ISP 결제가 필요합니다."
+    ),
     NOT_REGISTERED_BUSINESS(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "CO022", "등록되지 않은 사업자 번호입니다."),
     EXCEED_MAX_ONE_DAY_WITHDRAW_AMOUNT(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "CO023", "1일 출금 한도를 초과했습니다."),
     EXCEED_MAX_ONE_TIME_WITHDRAW_AMOUNT(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "CO024", "1회 출금 한도를 초과했습니다."),
@@ -48,10 +56,18 @@ enum class TosspayConfirmErrorCode(
     NOT_AVAILABLE_BANK(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "CO039", "은행 서비스 시간이 아닙니다."),
     INVALID_PASSWORD(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "CO040", "결제 비밀번호가 일치하지 않습니다."),
     INCORRECT_BASIC_AUTH_FORMAT(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "CO041", "잘못된 요청입니다. ':' 를 포함해 인코딩해주세요."),
-    FDS_ERROR(HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN, "CO042", "[토스페이먼츠] 위험거래가 감지되어 결제가 제한됩니다. 발송된 문자에 포함된 링크를 통해 본인인증 후 결제가 가능합니다. (고객센터: 1644-8051)"),
+    FDS_ERROR(
+        HttpStatus.FORBIDDEN,
+        "CO042",
+        "[토스페이먼츠] 위험거래가 감지되어 결제가 제한됩니다. 발송된 문자에 포함된 링크를 통해 본인인증 후 결제가 가능합니다. (고객센터: 1644-8051)"
+    ),
     NOT_FOUND_PAYMENT(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "CO043", "존재하지 않는 결제 정보 입니다."),
     NOT_FOUND_PAYMENT_SESSION(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "CO044", "결제 시간이 만료되어 결제 진행 데이터가 존재하지 않습니다."),
     FAILED_PAYMENT_INTERNAL_SYSTEM_PROCESSING(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "CO045", "결제가 완료되지 않았어요. 다시 시도해주세요."),
-    FAILED_INTERNAL_SYSTEM_PROCESSING(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "CO046", "내부 시스템 처리 작업이 실패했습니다. 잠시 후 다시 시도해주세요."),
+    FAILED_INTERNAL_SYSTEM_PROCESSING(
+        HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+        "CO046",
+        "내부 시스템 처리 작업이 실패했습니다. 잠시 후 다시 시도해주세요."
+    ),
     UNKNOWN_PAYMENT_ERROR(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "CO047", "결제에 실패했어요. 같은 문제가 반복된다면 은행이나 카드사로 문의해주세요.");
 }
diff --git a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/web/dto/TosspayRequest.kt b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/web/dto/TosspayRequest.kt
index e38cf0eb..3d4b7df1 100644
--- a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/web/dto/TosspayRequest.kt
+++ b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/web/dto/TosspayRequest.kt
@@ -1,12 +1,13 @@
 package com.sangdol.tosspaymock.web.dto
 
+import com.sangdol.common.utils.KoreaDateTime
 import java.time.OffsetDateTime
 
 data class PaymentConfirmRequest(
     val paymentKey: String,
     val orderId: String,
     val amount: Int,
-    val requestedAt: OffsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now()
+    val requestedAt: OffsetDateTime = KoreaDateTime.nowWithOffset()
 )
 
 data class PaymentCancelRequest(
diff --git a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/web/dto/TosspayResponse.kt b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/web/dto/TosspayResponse.kt
index 4e8b9bd1..96a68a67 100644
--- a/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/web/dto/TosspayResponse.kt
+++ b/tosspay-mock/src/main/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/web/dto/TosspayResponse.kt
@@ -1,11 +1,6 @@
 package com.sangdol.tosspaymock.web.dto
 
-import com.sangdol.tosspaymock.business.domain.Payment
 import com.sangdol.tosspaymock.business.domain.PaymentType
-import com.sangdol.tosspaymock.business.domain.cancel.Cancellation
-import com.sangdol.tosspaymock.business.domain.card.Card
-import com.sangdol.tosspaymock.business.domain.easypay.Easypay
-import com.sangdol.tosspaymock.business.domain.transfer.BankTransfer
 import java.time.OffsetDateTime
 
 data class PaymentResponse(
diff --git a/tosspay-mock/src/main/resources/logback-deploy.xml b/tosspay-mock/src/main/resources/logback-deploy.xml
index b298ea1d..af3eb673 100644
--- a/tosspay-mock/src/main/resources/logback-deploy.xml
+++ b/tosspay-mock/src/main/resources/logback-deploy.xml
@@ -82,7 +82,8 @@
     <appender name="ASYNC_FILE_JSON" class="ch.qos.logback.classic.AsyncAppender">
         <appender-ref ref="FILE_JSON"/>
         <queueSize>512</queueSize>
-        <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold> <includeCallerData>false</includeCallerData>
+        <discardingThreshold>0</discardingThreshold>
+        <includeCallerData>false</includeCallerData>
     </appender>
 
     <root level="INFO">
diff --git a/tosspay-mock/src/main/resources/schema/schema-h2.sql b/tosspay-mock/src/main/resources/schema/schema-h2.sql
index 57277e11..d41abd69 100644
--- a/tosspay-mock/src/main/resources/schema/schema-h2.sql
+++ b/tosspay-mock/src/main/resources/schema/schema-h2.sql
@@ -1,10 +1,20 @@
-create table if not exists order_amount (
-    id                           bigint        primary key,
-    payment_key                  varchar(255)  not null,
-    approved_amount              integer       not null,
-    easypay_discount_amount      integer       not null,
-    card_discount_amount         integer       not null,
-    transfer_discount_amount     integer       not null,
-
-    constraint uk_order_amount__payment_key unique (payment_key)
-);
+create table if not exists order_amount
+(
+    id
+    bigint
+    primary
+    key,
+    payment_key
+    varchar
+(
+    255
+) not null,
+    approved_amount integer not null,
+    easypay_discount_amount integer not null,
+    card_discount_amount integer not null,
+    transfer_discount_amount integer not null,
+    constraint uk_order_amount__payment_key unique
+(
+    payment_key
+)
+    );
diff --git a/tosspay-mock/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/parser/origin/TosspayErrorCodeParser.kt b/tosspay-mock/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/parser/origin/TosspayErrorCodeParser.kt
index ee5766c6..2e8f8976 100644
--- a/tosspay-mock/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/parser/origin/TosspayErrorCodeParser.kt
+++ b/tosspay-mock/src/test/kotlin/com/sangdol/tosspaymock/parser/origin/TosspayErrorCodeParser.kt
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ import com.sangdol.common.types.web.HttpStatus
 import io.kotest.core.spec.style.StringSpec
 import java.io.File
 
-class TosspayErrorCodeParser: StringSpec() {
+class TosspayErrorCodeParser : StringSpec() {
     init {
         "Tosspay API 문서에 있는 결제 승인 에러 코드 항목을 enum의 형태로 변환한다." {
             val basePath = "${File("").absolutePath}/src/test/resources"
@@ -31,7 +31,8 @@ class TosspayErrorCodeParser: StringSpec() {
 
         return regex.replace(text) { matchResult ->
             val name = matchResult.groupValues[2]
-            val httpStatus = "HttpStatus.${HttpStatus.entries.first {it.code == matchResult.groupValues[1].trim().toInt()}.name}"
+            val httpStatus =
+                "HttpStatus.${HttpStatus.entries.first { it.code == matchResult.groupValues[1].trim().toInt() }.name}"
             val errorCode = "CO${(idx).toString().padStart(3, '0')}"
             val koreanMessage = matchResult.groupValues[3].split("\t")[0]