diff --git a/src/main/kotlin/roomescape/auth/infrastructure/jwt/JwtUtils.kt b/src/main/kotlin/roomescape/auth/infrastructure/jwt/JwtUtils.kt
index 88fd9b18..1ba9a96e 100644
--- a/src/main/kotlin/roomescape/auth/infrastructure/jwt/JwtUtils.kt
+++ b/src/main/kotlin/roomescape/auth/infrastructure/jwt/JwtUtils.kt
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package roomescape.auth.infrastructure.jwt
 
 import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KLogger
 import io.github.oshai.kotlinlogging.KotlinLogging
+import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims
 import io.jsonwebtoken.ExpiredJwtException
 import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts
 import io.jsonwebtoken.security.Keys
@@ -43,56 +44,37 @@ class JwtUtils(
     }
 
     fun extractSubject(token: String?): String {
-        return runWithHandle {
-            log.debug { "[JwtUtils.extractSubject] subject 조회 시작: token=$token" }
-
-            Jwts.parser()
-                .verifyWith(secretKey)
-                .build()
-                .parseSignedClaims(token)
-                .payload
-                .subject
-                ?.also {
-                    log.debug { "[JwtUtils.extractSubject] subject 조회 완료: subject=${it}" }
-                }
-                ?: run {
-                    log.debug { "[JwtUtils.extractSubject] subject 조회 실패: token=${token}" }
-                    throw AuthException(AuthErrorCode.MEMBER_NOT_FOUND)
-                }
+        if (token.isNullOrBlank()) {
+            throw AuthException(AuthErrorCode.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND)
         }
+        val claims = extractAllClaims(token)
+
+        return claims.subject ?: throw AuthException(AuthErrorCode.INVALID_TOKEN)
     }
 
     fun extractClaim(token: String?, key: String): String {
-        return runWithHandle {
-            log.debug { "[JwtUtils.extractClaim] claim 조회 시작: token=$token, claimKey=$key" }
+        if (token.isNullOrBlank()) {
+            throw AuthException(AuthErrorCode.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND)
+        }
+        val claims = extractAllClaims(token)
 
-            Jwts.parser()
+        return claims.get(key, String::class.java) ?: run {
+            log.warn { "[JwtUtils] Claim 조회 실패: key=$key" }
+            throw AuthException(AuthErrorCode.INVALID_TOKEN)
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun extractAllClaims(token: String): Claims {
+        try {
+            return Jwts.parser()
                 .verifyWith(secretKey)
                 .build()
                 .parseSignedClaims(token)
                 .payload
-                .get(key, String::class.java)
-                ?.also {
-                    log.debug { "[JwtHandler.extractClaim] claim 조회 완료: claim=${it}" }
-                }
-                ?: run {
-                    log.info { "[JwtUtils.extractClaim] claim=${key} 조회 실패: token=$token" }
-                    throw AuthException(AuthErrorCode.MEMBER_NOT_FOUND)
-                }
-        }
-    }
-
-    private fun <T> runWithHandle(block: () -> T): T {
-        try {
-            return block()
-        } catch (e: AuthException) {
-            throw e
-        } catch (_: IllegalArgumentException) {
-            throw AuthException(AuthErrorCode.TOKEN_NOT_FOUND)
         } catch (_: ExpiredJwtException) {
             throw AuthException(AuthErrorCode.EXPIRED_TOKEN)
-        } catch (e: Exception) {
-            log.warn { "[JwtUtils] 예외 발생: message=${e.message}" }
+        } catch (ex: Exception) {
+            log.warn { "[JwtUtils] 유효하지 않은 토큰 요청: ${ex.message}" }
             throw AuthException(AuthErrorCode.INVALID_TOKEN)
         }
     }
diff --git a/src/test/kotlin/roomescape/auth/JwtUtilsTest.kt b/src/test/kotlin/roomescape/auth/JwtUtilsTest.kt
index 627ed8dd..f92c5c56 100644
--- a/src/test/kotlin/roomescape/auth/JwtUtilsTest.kt
+++ b/src/test/kotlin/roomescape/auth/JwtUtilsTest.kt
@@ -3,16 +3,17 @@ package roomescape.auth
 import io.kotest.assertions.throwables.shouldThrow
 import io.kotest.core.spec.style.FunSpec
 import io.kotest.matchers.shouldBe
-import org.junit.jupiter.api.assertThrows
 import roomescape.auth.exception.AuthErrorCode
 import roomescape.auth.exception.AuthException
 import roomescape.auth.infrastructure.jwt.JwtUtils
 import roomescape.common.config.next
 import roomescape.util.tsidFactory
 
-class JwtUtilsTest(
-) : FunSpec() {
-    private val jwtUtils: JwtUtils = JwtUtils(secretKeyString = "caSf+JhhY9J9VcZxDQ7SNNOEIAJSZ9onsFstGNv9bjPHmHoTTcX+5wway5+//SPi", tokenTtlSeconds = 5)
+class JwtUtilsTest : FunSpec() {
+    private val jwtUtils: JwtUtils = JwtUtils(
+        secretKeyString = "caSf+JhhY9J9VcZxDQ7SNNOEIAJSZ9onsFstGNv9bjPHmHoTTcX+5wway5+//SPi",
+        tokenTtlSeconds = 5L
+    )
 
     init {
         context("종합 테스트") {
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ class JwtUtilsTest(
             val claim = mapOf("name" to "sangdol")
             val commonToken = jwtUtils.createToken(subject, claim)
 
-            context("subject를 가져올 때 null 토큰을 입력하면 실패한다.") {
+            test("subject를 가져올 때 null 토큰을 입력하면 실패한다.") {
                 shouldThrow<AuthException> {
                     jwtUtils.extractSubject(null)
                 }.also {
@@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ class JwtUtilsTest(
                 }
             }
 
-            context("claim을 가져올 때 null 토큰을 입력하면 실패한다.") {
+            test("claim을 가져올 때 null 토큰을 입력하면 실패한다.") {
                 shouldThrow<AuthException> {
                     jwtUtils.extractClaim(token = null, key = "")
                 }.also {
@@ -51,13 +52,42 @@ class JwtUtilsTest(
                 }
             }
 
-            context("토큰은 유효하나 claim이 없으면 실패한다.") {
+            test("claim에 입력된 key의 정보가 없으면 실패한다.") {
                 shouldThrow<AuthException> {
                     jwtUtils.extractClaim(token = commonToken, key = "abcde")
                 }.also {
-                    it.errorCode shouldBe AuthErrorCode.MEMBER_NOT_FOUND
+                    it.errorCode shouldBe AuthErrorCode.INVALID_TOKEN
+                }
+            }
+
+            test("토큰이 만료되면 실패한다.") {
+                val jwtUtil = JwtUtils(
+                    secretKeyString = "caSf+JhhY9J9VcZxDQ7SNNOEIAJSZ9onsFstGNv9bjPHmHoTTcX+5wway5+//SPi",
+                    tokenTtlSeconds = 0L
+                )
+
+                val token = jwtUtil.createToken("hello", mapOf("name" to "sangdol"))
+
+                shouldThrow<AuthException> {
+                    jwtUtil.extractSubject(token)
+                }.also {
+                    it.errorCode shouldBe AuthErrorCode.EXPIRED_TOKEN
+                }
+
+                shouldThrow<AuthException> {
+                    jwtUtil.extractClaim(token, key = "name")
+                }.also {
+                    it.errorCode shouldBe AuthErrorCode.EXPIRED_TOKEN
+                }
+            }
+
+            test("토큰 형식이 잘못되면 실패한다.") {
+                shouldThrow<AuthException> {
+                    jwtUtils.extractSubject("abcde")
+                }.also {
+                    it.errorCode shouldBe AuthErrorCode.INVALID_TOKEN
                 }
             }
         }
     }
-}
\ No newline at end of file
+}